Digestive System Medical Terminology

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Gallstone

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Aka Cholelith, hard deposit formed in gallbladder and bile ducts

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Cholelithiasis

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Presence of gallstones

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Cirrhosis

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Chronic degenerative disease of the liver by scarring

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Colorectal carcinoma

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Aka Colon cancer, 1st manifest itself in polyps of Colon

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Chrohn's Disease

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Chronic autoimmune disorder, can occur anywhere in digestive tract, most often found in ileum and in the colon

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Ulcerative colitis

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Affects only innermost lining and not deep tissues of the colon

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Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)

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Aka spastic Colon, syptoms: cramping, abdominal pain, bloating, constipation and diarrhea.

Aggravated by stress and certain foods in not caused by pathogens (bacteria or viruses) or by structural changes

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Celiac disease

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Inherited autoimmune disorder aka gluten intolerance

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Barrett's esophagus

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Cells in the epithelial tissue of the esophagus are damaged by chronic acid exposure

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Dysphagia

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Difficulty swallowing

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Defecation

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Bowel movement; evacuation or emptying of large intestine

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Role of large intestine

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Receive waste products of digestion and store them until they are eliminated from the body

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Primary function of ileum and jejunum

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Absorption of nutrients from digested food

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Chyme

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Conversion of food into usable nutrients moved through small intestine by peristaltic action

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Peristalsis

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Wave like contractions of smooth muscles that moves food forward into the digestive system

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Anabolism

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Building up of body cells and substances from nutrients

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Catabolism

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Breaking down body cells or substances releasing energy

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Pancreas

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6 inch long oblong gland located behind stomach

Important roles in digestive and endocrine systems

Help neutralize stomach acids

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Gallbladder

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Pear-shaped organ about the size of an egg located under the liver, stores and concentrates bile for later use

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Biliary tree

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Channels through which bike is transported from liver to small intestine

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Common hepatic duct

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The trunk, outside the liver

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Narrow cystic duct

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Bile travels from liver through common hepatic duct to gallbladder where it enters and exits through narrow cystic duct

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Common bile duct

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Cystic duct leaving the gallbladder rejoins the common hepatic duct to form common bile duct, then joins pancreatic duct and together enter the duodenum of small intestine

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Liver

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Largest organ in the body

Removing toxins from blood and turning food into fuel and nutrients the body needs

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What organ removes excess glucose from the bloodstream and stores it as glycogen?

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The liver

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Bilirubin

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Yellow to green fluid known as bile

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Accessory organs

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Liver, gallbladder and pancreas

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Enter/o

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Small intestine

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Cholecyst/o

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Gallbladder

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-emesis

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Vomiting

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Hepat/o

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Liver

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-lithiasis

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Presence of stones

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-pepsia

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Digest, digestion

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-phagia

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Eating, swallowing

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Proct/o

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Anus and rectum

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Upper GI tract consists of what?

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Mouth, pharynx (throat), esophagus, and stomach

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Lower GI tract

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Sometimes referred to as bowels, small intestine, large intestine plus rectum and anus