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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Histamine-2 Receptor Blockers (H2R Blockers) |
Suffix—“tidine” Frequently used for PUD Block action of histamine on receptors—>decrease in HCl secretion, decrease in pepsin, increased ulcer healing Effects last 12 hours |
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Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) |
Suffix—“prazole” Block ATPase enzyme (leads to decrease in HCl secretion) More effective than H2R blockers |
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Antacids |
Calcium carbonate (Tums), aluminum hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide (Milk of Magnesia), Pepto-Bismol Adjunct therapy for PUD Increase gastric pH by neutralizing HCl Should be taken on empty stomach (effects occur in 20-30 minutes) |
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Treatment for H. Pylori Infection |
Antibiotic regimen: use minimum of two antibiotics (up to three) with antisecretory agent Ex: amoxicillin, clarithromycin |
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Drugs for Liver Cirrhosis |
Lactulose (Lactulax)—draws ammonia from the blood into the colon to be excreted Neomycin—antibiotic that reduces ammonia in the blood |
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Bulk-Forming Laxatives |
Psyllium (Metamucil) Swell with water to form a gel that softens feces and increases mass Preferred tx for temporary constipation |
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Osmotic Laxatives |
Laxative salts (magnesium and sodium) Salts that draw water into intestine and soften/swell fecal mass; intestine stretches and peristalsis is stimulated Adverse effects: dehydration, renal decline, Na retention |
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Bowel Cleansers |
Sodium phosphate—hypertonic Polyethylene glycol (PEG)—isotonic |
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Serotonin Receptor Antagonists |
Suffix—“setron” Odansetron (Zofran) Antiemetics that block serotonin receptors on afferent vagal nerve to prevent N/V |
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Antiemetic Benzodiazepines |
Lorazepam (Ativan) Used in combination regimens to suppress CINV Benefits: sedation, suppression of emesis, anterograde amnesia |
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Dopamine Antagonists |
Phenothiazine (Phenergan) Metoclopramide (Reglan) Antiemetics that block dopamine receptors in CTZ |
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Signs and Symptoms of Cirrhosis |
Early: chronic dyspepsia, change in bowel habits, abdominal pain with enlarged liver Late: jaundice, ascites, hepatorenal syndrome |
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Signs and Symptoms of Hepatic Encephalopathy/Coma |
Mental changes Memory problems Asterixis Flapping hand tremor Hyporeflexia Slow EEG |
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Laboratory Values for Cirrhosis |
Elevated liver enzymes Decreased CBC/H/H Increased WBCs Increased prothrombin time Decreased albumin Analysis of ascitic fluid Decreased platelets |
