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88 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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parts of the ailimentary canal
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Oral cavity
Pharynx Esophagus Stomach Small intestine Large intestine Rectum Anus |
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parts of the oral cavity
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Teeth
tounge salivary glands (salivary amylase) |
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parts of pharynx
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nasopharnyx
Oropharnyx Laryngopharnyx |
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Nasoparynx
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above the soft palate
Pharyngeal tonsils |
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pharyngeal tonsils
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adenoids
Lymphatic tissue |
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Oropharnyx
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back of oral cavity
Lingual tonsils Palatine tonsils |
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Lingual tonsils
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in back of tongue
Lymphatic tissue |
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Palatine tonsils
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sides at back of mouth
Ly tissue |
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Laryngopharnyx
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below oropharnyx and larynx
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Larynx
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has the vocal cords
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Parts of the Alimentary Canal
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Mouth
Pharnyx Esophagus Stomach Small Intestine Colon Rectum Anus |
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Mouth
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contains teeth, toungue, and salivary glands
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Salivary glands
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Parotid G.
Sublingual G. Submandibular G. Secrete Salivary Amylase |
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Esophagus
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tube, 10 inches
bolus from pharnyx to stomach |
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Bolus
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undigested food in mouth or esophagus
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Cardiac Sphincter
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@ end of esophagus
keeps stuff in stomach prevents reflux |
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stomach
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4 regions: cardiac,fundus,body,pylorus
4 types of gland cells mucous, parietal, chief, enteroendocrine Begins digest proteins continues digest starch |
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regions of the stomach
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cardiac, fundus,body, pylorus
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types of glands in stomach
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mucous
parietal chief, enteroendocrine |
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Goblet cells
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make mucous throughout the digestive system
in lining (epithelium) |
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Parietal cells
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secrete HCl
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Chief cells
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secrete pepsinogen
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enteroendocrine cells
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Secrete Gastrin
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Pyloric Valve
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Sphincter
@ end of stomach regulates flow of chyme into duodenum |
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chyme
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partly digested food in the ailimentary canal
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regions of the small intestine
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum
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duodenum
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1st section
10 inches right to left recieves from common bile duct (gallbladder) and pancreatic duct protein digestion |
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Pancreas
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in mesentary between stomach and duodenum
Secretes zymogen granules produces hmns (insulin) produces bicarbonate to neutralise chyme |
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Jejunum
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8'
2nd part small intestine duodenum to ileum |
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Ileum
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12'
3rd part small intestine jejunum to colon |
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ileocecal valve
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@ end of ileum, leads to duodenum
regulates flow of material into the colon |
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Diameter of small intestine
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1 inch
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Diameter of colon
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2.5 inches
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Structures in sm. intestine that increase surface area
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Plicae circulares
villi Microvilli |
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plicae circulares
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permanent transverse folds in small intestine wall
increase surface area 3X |
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Villi
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microscopic fingerlike projections of intestinal mucosa into sm. intestine opening
increase surface area by 30X |
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Micro villi
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hairlike projections from surface of mucosal cells
increases surface area 600X |
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Intestinal glands
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base of villi
generate new Mucosal Cells to replace every 3 days |
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Brunner's Glands
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Duodenum mostly
bicarbinate solutions secreters |
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Goblet Cells
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secrete mucous
dispersed through epithelium layer of mucosal layer protect intestional wall |
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Structural Differences of the colon
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2.5 inches diameter, 5 feet long
6 regions longitudinal muscles in 2 bands (Tenia coli) Haustra and epiploic appendages No villi or microvilli changing fluid level in fecal matter |
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Regions of the colon
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cecum
ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum |
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cecum
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1st section of colon
just past ileocecal valve has vermiform apendix |
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vermiform apendix
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apendix
attaches to cecum |
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Sigmoid colon
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end of colon just before the rectum
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Ascending colon
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from cecum to transverse
fecal material is fluid |
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Transverse colon
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from ascending to descending
fecal matter is mush |
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Desending colon
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from transverse to sigmoid
fecal matter is semi solid |
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Primary function of colon
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absorption of water
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secondary functions of colon
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synthesis of Vitamin K
and some B-vitamins Fermentation of Cellulose |
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Tenia Coli
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2 narrow bands of longitudinal muscles in colon wall
provide the shortening part of haustrations allow more expansion for fecal matter to pass |
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Haustra
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pouches along the colon
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Epiploic Appendages
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sacks of fat tissue attached to the lining of the colon
can twist, cutting off their blood supply and causing inflamation and necrosis |
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Constipation
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when fecal matter is held too long in the colon and becomes too dry
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Rectum
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Terminal protion of the colon
Sigmoid colon to anus Streach receptors signal need to void whch reflexively opens teh internal anal sphincter |
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Internal anal sphincter
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reflexively opens when signaled by CNS (when streach receptors signal capacity)
Smooth muscle not under conscious control |
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External anal sphincter
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skeletal muscle
contious control |
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Salivary glands
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secrete saliva
parotid, sublingual, submandibular |
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Secretions in saliva
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Salivary amylase
Lysozome Mucin IgA antibodies Growth factor Electrolytes |
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Salivary Amylase
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Begins starch digestion
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Lysosome
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Antibacterial Agent
released by salivary glands |
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Mucin
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glycoprotein
Lubricates food released by salivary glands |
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Growth factor
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released in saliva
aids in woulnd healing |
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Liver
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digestive and post digestive functions
convert glucose to glycogen and vise versa make glucose from amino acids and glycerol synthesize cholesterol and triglycerides synthesize most plasma proteins (exc. G.G.) Detoxify alcohol, drugs, and toxins breakdown worn out RBC Memeglobin to bilirubin |
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bilirubin
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from broken down hemoglobin
part of bile bacteria convert into urobiliinogen some back into bd -> urine yellow rest in feces - brown |
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bile
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waste from Liver
contains: bile salts, bilirubin, cholesterol, phospholipids,inorganic ions (Na, K, etc.) and 97.5% water |
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Gallbladder
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bile storage
common bile duct to duodenum release when cck stimulates it |
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Layers of ailimentary canal wall
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mucosa
submucosa Muscularis (circular and logitudinal) Serosa |
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Mucosa
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innermost layer
collumnar epithelium lamina propria muscularis mucosa |
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Lamina propria
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Ct layer in mucosa
bv and ly cap. (lacteals) |
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Muscularis mucosa
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thin muscle layer in mucosa
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Lacteals
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Ly. cap in lamina propria
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Submucosa
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outside of mucosa
bv lyv Autonomic nv submucosal plexus |
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Muscularis
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muscle layer
2-3 layers smooth musc. inner circular and outher longitudinal oblique in stomach, only myenteric plexus |
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Serosa
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serous layer of gut
visceral pleura or visceral peritoneum |
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HCl
Hydrocloric Acid |
secrete by parietal Cells
Acid for pepsin action pepsinogen to pepsin denature prot kills bact |
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Pepsinogen
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secrete by Chief cells
HCl make into pepsin |
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Pepsin
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endopeptidase in stomach
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endopeptidase
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breaks up polypeptides
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Intrinsic factor
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secrete parietal cells
Vitamin B-12 absorpiton |
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Gastrin
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from Enteroendocrine cells
into bd stim gastric activity |
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Mucus
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from goblet cells
lubricates stomach contents and protects stomach from Gastric juices |
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Tripsin
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endopeptidase
continues digestion from pepsin secreted inactively from pancreas tripsinogen activated in sm. int. |
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chymotripsin
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endopeptidase
continues digestion from pepsin secreted inactively from pancreas chymotripsinogen activated in sm. int. |
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Carboxypeptidase
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peptide digestion @ caboxy end of chain
1 a.a. @ time from pancreas |
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Pancreatic lipase
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Digests triglycerides into f.a., glycerol, & monoglycerides
from pancreas |
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Pancreatic Amylase
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breaks up starch into disaccharides of glucose (maltose)
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disaccharide
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any sugar w/ 2 sugar units bonded together
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