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70 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Digestion
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-The action of eating starts a process that turns food into energy for your tissues and cells.
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Path of Digestion
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--Begins in the mouth
--Down the esophagus --Into the stomach --Through the Small Intestine --Through the Large Intestine |
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What happens to material that cannot be used in the body.
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--It continues on into the large intestine and is eliminated
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Teeth
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--Having teeth makes it possible to eat a greater variety of food.
-Teeth helps break food into smaller pieces |
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-Mechinal breakdown in the mouth
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--Happens when food is chewed by your teeth and your tongue
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Chemical breakdown of food in your mouth
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--Saliva in your mouth begins to change the food chemically.
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Where is saliva made?
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--By the glands located beneath your tongue
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How does saliva help digest food?
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--Helps you chew and makes it easier for the chewed food to slide down your throat.
--Saliva also contains enzymes which are proteins that help speed up the chemical breakdown process. |
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How do enzymes work in digestion?
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--The enzymes act like scissors and cut apart food molecules to make them smaller.
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The enzymes in saliva breakdown what specific kind of food?
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--Starches such as bread, potatoes, and pasta.
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How does the tongue aid in the process of digestion?
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-- The tongue is a very strong muscle
--As you swallow, your tongue pushes the food down your throat. |
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What happens when food arrives in your mouth until it reaches your esophagus?
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--Chewing, grinding action of the teeth breaks food down into particles
--Mucus and enzymes in saliva lubricate and continue the chemical breakdown process. -Tongue gives food a head start down the esophagus. |
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How does the esophagus move food along to the stomach?
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--After swallowing, waves of muscle contractions in your esophagus help push the food down your throat..
-Gravity helps pull the food down your throat |
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Can the esophagus move food without gravity?
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--Yes, the muscles in the esophagus are strong enough to push the food along.
-- You can even swallow food upside down. |
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Where does the food go after the esophagus?
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-to the stomach
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What does the inside of the stomach look like?
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--the stomach has wrinkled lining and muscular walls
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How does the stomach physically breakdown the food?
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--the stomach contracts and begins to churn the food.
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How do enzymes work in the stomach?
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-- continues the digestion of starches
--digestion of proteins begins in the stomach |
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How much can a stomach of a newborn hold?
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--About 60 ml or 2 ozs
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How much can a stomach of an average adult hold?
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--About 1.5 liter
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Where does the food go after it leaves the stomach?
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-- It goes to the top part of the intestine called the duodenum
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In the small intestine, digestive juices from the ______________ and the ______ ______ are mixed with the food.
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-the pancreas and the gall bladder
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What part of digestions is completed in the small intestine?
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--the digestion of starches, proteins, and fats is completed in the small intestine
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What lines the inside wall of the small intestine?
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-- Small fingerlike projections called villi
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What do villi contain?
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-blood vessels and increase the surface area of the small intestine.
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Why does the small intestine need a large surface area?
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--it needs a large surface area so that it can absorb sufficient amounts of nutrients for your cells.
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In what form is the food when it enters the small intestine?
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-- it is a liquid mixture of the solid foods that you put into your mouth.
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How are nutrients absorbed?
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--the nutrients pass directly through the wall of the intestine and into the blood stream?
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Where does the food go when it leave the small intestine?
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-- to the large intestine
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What happens to the food waste in the large intestine?
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--the blood vessels in the large intestine absorb the excess water from the food waste
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What helps lubricate the food wasted in the large intestine?
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--mucus is secreted to lubricate
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What is the waste that exits the body when the process of digestion of complete?
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--feces
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How many organs are in the digestive system?
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--10 organs
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How many organs of the digestive system does the food actually travel through?
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-- 6 organs
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How many of the digestive organs are helper?
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-there are 4 helper organs
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How long does food stay in the mouth?
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--Mouth less than 1 minute
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How long does food stay in the esophagus?
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--less than 3 seconds
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How long does food stay in the pharnyx?
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--less than 10 sec.
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How long does food stay in the stomach?
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--3-5 hours
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How long does food stay in the small intestine?
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--3-10 hours
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How long does food stay in the large intestine?
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--18-24 hours
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What are the 4 helper organs?
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-Liver
-Gall Bladder -Pancreas -appendix |
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How long does total digestion take?
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----A total of 24 to 48 hours
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How many amino acids does the body need?
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20 aminoacids are needed
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How many amino acids can the body make?
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--it can make 12 of the 20 amino acids that it needs
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Why is the food pyramid at the top and fat at the bottom?
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-The items at the top you do not need and the items toward the bottom have greater number of servings.
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What 4 types of taste buds do you have on your tongue?
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-salty
-sweet -bitter -sour |
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What are three functions of the teeth?
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-Biting
-Tearing -Grinding |
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What is the pharnyx?
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-the ares formed by the nasopharynx--from the nose
-- and oropharynx from the mouth --laryopharynx |
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What is the function of the pharynx?
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--passageway for both respiratory and digestive system
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How long is the esophagus?
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25 cm long
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What is the esophagus?
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-- passageway from pharynx to stomach with waves of contracting muscles lined with mucus
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What organ is a collisible muscular bag?
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--the stomach
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What do the gastric pits of the stomach do?
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the produce gastric juices which contain
--mucus for protection of lining --pepsin an enzyme which acts on proteins --hydrochloric acid |
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How long is the small intestine?
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6 meters long
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What is the size of the diameter of the small intestine?
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-- 2 1/2 cm in diameter
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What are the three sections of the small intestine?
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-duodenum
-jejeum -ileum |
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What is the function of the duodenum?
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-receives secretions from liver and pancreas
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What portion(s) of the small intestines are where absorption take place?
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-absorption takes place in the jejeum and the ileum by the villi
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Where do the nutrients go once they are absorbed by the villi in the small intestine?
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--they go into the blood stream
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What are proteins broken down into as food passes through the small intestine?
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-they are broken down into amino acids
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What are complex sugars broken down into as food passes through the small intestine?
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-complex sugars are broken down into simple sugars
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What are fats broken down into as food passes through the small intestine?
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-fats are broken doewn into fatty acids and glycerol
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What is the diameter of the large intestine?
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--6-7 cm
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How long is the large intestine?
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-1 to 1 1/2 feet long
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What is the shape of the large intestine?
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-an upside down u
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What is the lowest portion of the large intestine?
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-the rectum
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The large intestine ends with a sphincter muscle called a _______.
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the anus
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What is reabsorbed in the large intestine?
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-water
-vitamins -bile |
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What is feces make up of?
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-dead bacteria
-mucus -fiber -dead cells |
