Digestive System

Front 1

The purpose of the Digestive System is to break food into a

Back 1

usable form.

Front 2

The end product of protein digestion are

Back 2

amino acids.

Front 3

The end product of fat digestion are

Back 3

fatty acids and glycerol

Front 4

The end product of CHO digestion is

Back 4

glucose, galactose and fructose.

Front 5

The cells use fuel for

Back 5

growth, repair, heat, energy and maintenance.

Front 6

Define an enzyme.

Back 6

A substance that causes or speeds a chemical reaction

Front 7

An enzyme that acts on protein is a

Back 7

protease.

Front 8

An enzyme that acts on fats is a

Back 8

lipase

Front 9

An enzyme that acts on CHO is an

Back 9

amylase.

Front 10

The entire Digestive System is lined with

Back 10

mucous membrane.

Front 11

Digestion begins in the

Back 11

mouth.

Front 12

The prefix referring to cheeks is

Back 12

bucca

Front 13

The first set of teeth that a baby gets are called the

Back 13

deciduous

Front 14

Describe the purpose of teeth.

Back 14

To cut, chop and grind food to increase the surface area that comes in contact with the digestive juices

Front 15

The medical term for chewing is

Back 15

mastication.

Front 16

Terms that referred to the tongue include

Back 16

lingua and glosso.

Front 17

List three functions of the tongue.

Back 17

Taste, Speech, Swallowing, Chewing

Front 18

The medical term for swallowing is

Back 18

deglutition.

Front 19

List the three pairs of salivary glands and include their location

Back 19

Parotid – in front and below the ears
Submandibular – between the angle of the jaw and chin
Sublingual – under the tongue

Front 20

List 4 functions of saliva.

Back 20

Taste, Speech, Digestion of CHO. Chewing, Swallowing, Cleanses and Refreshes the mouth

Front 21

List the 4 components of saliva.

Back 21

Mucus, Water, Electrolytes, Amylase

Front 22

What serves as a passageway for both food/fluids and air.

Back 22

Pharynx

Front 23

The ___ covers the larynx to prevent food or fluids from going into the airway.

Back 23

Epiglottis

Front 24

the involuntary muscle movement forcing food through the GI Tract.

Back 24

Peristalsis

Front 25

The ___ extends from the pharynx to the stomach and transports food to the stomach.

Back 25

Esophagus

Front 26

The prefix referring to the stomach is

Back 26

Gastro.

Front 27

The stomach is found in the

Back 27

Upper Left abdominal quadrant

Front 28

The stomach receives it’s blood supply from the ____ & ____ Arteries

Back 28

Gastric and Ciliac arteries

Front 29

The walls of the stomach lie in folds to allow for expansion. These folds are called

Back 29

Rugae.

Front 30

List 7 components found in gastric juice.

Back 30

Water, Electrolytes, Mucus, HCL, Protease, Lipase, Gastrin

Front 31

After food has been in the stomach for 3 to 5 hours, it is in a semiliquid food called

Back 31

Chyme.

Front 32

Define Reverse Peristalsis.

Back 32

The waves of peristalsis reverse and food moves up into the esophagus

Front 33

Define Vomiting.

Back 33

Reverse peristalsis plus contractions of the diaphragm and abdominal muscles causing food to move back up the esophagus and out the mouth

Front 34

The pH of gastric juice is ____ when fasting and ____ when eating

Back 34

3-Fast & 1-Eating

Front 35

The prefix for the small intestines is

Back 35

Entero.

Front 36

The small intestines are divided into the

Back 36

Duodenum, Jejunum and Ileum.

Front 37

Describe the 3 layers to the wall of the small intestines.

Back 37

Mucous Membrane with Villi (inner)
Smooth Muscle (middle)
Fibrous Tissue (outer)

Front 38

The liver adds ____ to the small intestine.

Back 38

Bile

Front 39

The pancreas adds _______ to the small intestines.

Back 39

Enzymes & Na Bicarbonate

Front 40

_______ emulsifies fat.

Back 40

Bile

Front 41

The ____ empties bile into the duodenum.

Back 41

Common Bile Duct

Front 42

The ___ empties the pancreatic enzymes into the duodenum

Back 42

Pancreatic Duct

Front 43

a hormone that stimulates the release of bile from the gall bladder.

Back 43

Cholecystokinin

Front 44

a hormone that stimulates the release of the pancreatic enzymes from the pancreas.

Back 44

Pancreozymin

Front 45

the hormone that stimulates the release of sodium bicarbonate from the pancreas.

Back 45

Secreting

Front 46

the hormone that stimulates the release of HCL from the stomach

Back 46

Gastrin

Front 47

The digestive process is completed in the

Back 47

Duodenum

Front 48

The purpose of the jejunum and ileum is the _______ the end products of digestion.

Back 48

Absorb

Front 49

The walls of the small intestine consist of millions of fingerlike projections called

Back 49

Villi.

Front 50

In the center of each villus is a

Back 50

Blood Capillary and a Lacteal.

Front 51

End products of fat digestion are absorbed into the

Back 51

Lacteal (Lymph Capillary).

Front 52

End products of protein and CHO digestion are absorbed into the

Back 52

Blood Capillary.

Front 53

At the end of the ileum there is a sphincter muscle. It is the ___ valve

Back 53

ileocecal

Front 54

The medical term for the large bowel is the

Back 54

Colon.

Front 55

The purpose of the large bowel is to

Back 55

Reabsorb Water and electrolytes.

Front 56

Discuss defecation including its’ physiology.

Back 56

Emptying the rectum of fecal material. As feces enters the rectum, sensory nerve endings are stimulated and a message goes to the CNS telling the CNS that the bowel is filling. As more stool enters, the internal sphincter muscle relaxes. If convenient the CNS sends messages to the external sphincter muscle and to the diaphragm and abdominal muscles telling them to contract. This empties the bowel.

Front 57

The rectum is guarded by the

Back 57

Anal Sphincter Muscles.

Front 58

The ____ is the largest glandular organ in the body

Back 58

Liver

Front 59

___ & ____ are words that refer to the liver.

Back 59

Hepatic and Portal

Front 60

List ten functions of the liver.

Back 60

Production of Bile
Production of Heparin
Production of Plasma Proteins
Stores Glycogen
Filters and Detoxifies the Blood
Stores CHO, Fats, Vitamins and Minerals
Prepares Substances for Excretion
Regulates the Concentrations of Amino Acids
Regulates Blood Volume and Blood Pressure
Forms Vitamins
Produces Body Heat

Front 61

The liver is located in the

Back 61

Upper Right abdominal quadrant.

Front 62

The prefix referring to the Gall Bladder is

Back 62

Chole

Front 63

The purpose of the Gall Bladder is to store and release

Back 63

Bile

Front 64

Cholecystitis is

Back 64

Inflamed Gallbladder.

Front 65

Cholelithiasis means

Back 65

Stones in the Gallbladder.

Front 66

the Biliary Apparatus. What is its’ purpose?

Back 66

The purpose is to transport bile from the liver to the gallbladder and then
to the duodenum

Front 67

The enzyme secreting cells of the pancreas secrete

Back 67

Pancreatic Enzymes and Na Bicarbonate.

Front 68

67. The islands of Langerhans in the pancreas secrete

Back 68

Insulin.

Front 69

The pancreas is both an _________ & _________ gland

Back 69

Exocrine and Endocrine gland

Front 70

Describe how insulin lowers the blood sugar level.

Back 70

It is a hormone that carries glucose out of the blood and into the body cell

Front 71

The large serous membrane found in the abdominal cavity is the

Back 71

Peritoneum.

Front 72

An infection of this membrane is called

Back 72

Peritonitis.

Front 73

State three folds to the peritoneum.

Back 73

Greater Omentum
Lesser Omentum
Mesentery

Front 74

Organs that lie completely behind the peritoneum are said to be

Back 74

Retroperitoneal.