Digestive System

Front 1

What are the the 6 accessory structures and organs that aid in physical and chemical digestion of food?

Back 1

1. Teeth
2. Tongue
3. Salivary Glands
4. Liver
5. Gall Bladder
6. Pancreas

Front 2

What are the 5 essential digestive processes?

Back 2

1. Ingestion
2. Propulsion/ Movement of Food
3. Mechanical and chemical digestion
4. Absorption of Nutrients
5. Defecation

Front 3

What are the four layers of the GI tract?

Back 3

1. Mucosa
2. Submucosa
3. Muscularis externa
4. Serosa

Front 4

What are the three layers of the mucosa?

Back 4

1. Epithelial layer
2. Lamina Propria
3. Muscularis Mucose

Front 5

What is the epithelial layer of the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, and anal canal lined with?

Back 5

nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium

Front 6

What is the epithelium of the mucous membrane of the stomach, small intestine, and large intestine lined with?

Back 6

Simple columnar epithelium with goblet cells

Front 7

What is the epithelium of the stomach designed to do?

Back 7

Secrete digestive enzymes

Front 8

What is the epithelium of the small intestine designed to do?

Back 8

absorb digested food

Front 9

What is the lamina propria?

Back 9

The connective tissue layer of mucous membrane

Front 10

What 3 things does the lamina propria contain?

Back 10

1. Blood Capillaries
2. Lymph Capillaries
3. Lymphatic Nodules

Front 11

What is the submucosal layer of the GI tract made up of?

Back 11

Dense Irregular CT that binds the mucosa to the third layer

Front 12

What 4 things make up the submucosal layer?

Back 12

1. Blood Vessels
2. Lymphatic Vessels
3. Digestive Glands
4. ANS Nerve Plexuses

Front 13

What kind of muscle is found in the muscularis externa?

Back 13

Skeletal muscle from the mouth to the first third of the esophagus, Two layers of smooth msucle in the last 2/3 of the esophagus to the large intestines

Front 14

What is the muscularis externa used for?

Back 14

Peristalsis and segmentation

Front 15

What nerve plexus coordinates the smooth muscle action of the muscularis externa?

Back 15

ANS myenteric nerve plexuses

Front 16

What four parts does the oral cavity consist of?

Back 16

1. Teeth
2. Tongue
3. Palate
4. Lips

Front 17

What mucous membrane lines the oral cavity?

Back 17

Nonkeratinized statified squamous epithelium

Front 18

What covers the alveolar processes?

Back 18

Gingiva

Front 19

What helps keep food between the teeth?

Back 19

The obicularis oris and buccinators

Front 20

What is a bolus

Back 20

A small ball of food

Front 21

The posterior soft palate forms the?

Back 21

Uvula

Front 22

What covers the nasopharynx during swallowing?

Back 22

Uvula

Front 23

What two things does saliva contain?

Back 23

1. Mucous
2. Salivary Amylase

Front 24

The digestion of _______ starts with saliva

Back 24

Starchy Foods

Front 25

What three glands secrets most of the saliva

Back 25

1. Parotid Glands
2. Submandibular Glands
3. Sublingual Glands

Front 26

What closes off the laynx during swallowing?

Back 26

the epiglottis

Front 27

The opening in the diaphram that allows the esophagus to pass through the diaphram is called the?

Back 27

esophageal hiatus

Front 28

The esophagus joins the stomach and a small smooth muscle valved called the?

Back 28

Gastroesophageal sphincter

Front 29

Is the gastroesophgeal sphinchter a true sphincter and why?

Back 29

It is not because there isn't a ring of smooth muscle to seal off the opening

Front 30

The lining of the stomach is made up of?

Back 30

Simple columnar epithelium

Front 31

This gland is made up of specialized glandular cells that line the stomach

Back 31

Gastric glands

Front 32

What four things does the stomach absorb

Back 32

1. Water
2. Salt
3. Aspirin
4. Alcohol

Front 33

Boluses are degraded physically and mixed with gastric juices to becom a semifluid mass called?

Back 33

Chyme

Front 34

Chyme exits the the stomach through the?

Back 34

Pyloric Sphincter

Front 35

Enzymatic digestion is completed in the?

Back 35

Small intestine

Front 36

90% of all nutrient absorption is in the?

Back 36

Small intestine

Front 37

What three segments make up the small intestine?

Back 37

1. Duodenum
2. Jejunum
3. Ileum

Front 38

What neutralizes the acidic chyme in the small intestine?

Back 38

Brunner's glands

Front 39

What are Peyer's Patches?

Back 39

Lymphoid Tissue that define the ileum and facilitate immune response within the mucosa

Front 40

What are plicae?

Back 40

folded mucosa that rotate chyme

Front 41

What receives the absorbed fats in the small intestine and in what layer is it located?

Back 41

lacteals located in lamina propria

Front 42

What absorbs most of the water in the digestive system?

Back 42

The Small Intestine; 90%

Front 43

The mucosa of the large intestine is lined with?

Back 43

Simple columnar epithelium; no villi

Front 44

What is found in the lamina propria of the large intestine?

Back 44

Lymphatic nodules

Front 45

What is the peritoneum?

Back 45

a continuous serious membrane in the abdominopelvic cavity that covers most organs, the body wall

Front 46

What does the peritoneum create?

Back 46

The peritoneal cavity

Front 47

The visceral peritoneum covers?

Back 47

Most of the surfaces of most digestive organs

Front 48

The parietal peritoneum covers?

Back 48

Lines the walls of the abdominopelvic cavity

Front 49

When the visceral peritoneum wraps around an organ and becomes a double layer, it is known as?

Back 49

A messentery

Front 50

What to hepatocytes do?

Back 50

Secrete bile

Front 51

What does bile consist of?

Back 51

Salts, pigments, and cholesterol

Front 52

What is bile's digestive function?

Back 52

Fat emulsification

Front 53

What is bilirubin

Back 53

A by-product of hemoglobin breakdown in the liver

Front 54

What gives feces it's brown color?

Back 54

Bacteria break down bilirubin and the by-product colors feces brown

Front 55

What are Kupffer's cells?

Back 55

Liver macrophages that remove old RBCS and toxic material located within the sinusoid blood vessels of the liver

Front 56

What are 6 functions of hepatocytes?

Back 56

1. Secrete bile
2. Convert glucose into glycogen
3. Converts amino acids into glucose
4. Detoxification of toxic to urea, drugs, amphetamines, and antibiotics
5. Produces plasma proteins
6. Has Kupffer's cells

Front 57

What is the function of the gallbladder?

Back 57

Stores bile

Front 58

What sphincter prevents the entry of bile into the duodenum when it is not needed?

Back 58

Hepatopancreatic ampulla

Front 59

What is the principal enzyme-producing digestive organ?

Back 59

The pancreas

Front 60

What kind of gland is the pancreas?

Back 60

Both an endocrine (Islets of Langerhans) and exocrine gland

Front 61

What do the pancreatic exocrine glands secrete?

Back 61

Secrete digestive enzymes, proteases and lipases