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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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alimentary canal |
extracellular digestion "outside the body". mouth to anus |
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enteric nervous system |
collection of one hundred million neurons that govern the gastrointestinal system. trigger peristalsis |
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glucagon & gherkin |
stimulate feeling of hunger |
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ADH & aldosterone |
trigger sensation of thirst |
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leptin & cholecystokinin |
stimulate satiety |
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salivary amylase |
hydrolyzes starch into smaller sugars |
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lipase |
catalyzes hydrolysis of lipids |
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three types of gastric glands of the stomach |
-mucous cells, chief cells, and parietal cells. -activated in response to sight, taste, smell of food via parasympathetic NS/Vagus nerve |
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gastric juice comes from which gastric glands? |
combo of secretions from chief cells and parietal cells. |
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chief cells of stomach secrete____ |
pepsinogen, a protease activated by the acidic stomach |
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parietal cells of stomach secrete____ |
hydrochloric acid (and intrinsic factor) -cleaves pepsinogen into pepsin -kills microbes -denatures proteins |
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mucosal cell produce _____ |
bicarbonate-rich mucus to protect the stomach |
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chyme |
what food particles are called after mechanical and chemical digestion in the stomach |
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intrinsic factor |
needed for normal absorption of vitamin B12 |
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three parts of the small intestine
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duodenum, jejunum, ileum most absorption takes place in jejunum and ileum. the duodenum is responsible for chemical digestion. |
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pyloric sphincter |
where food leaves the stomach and enters the duodenum. |
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brush-border enzymes |
line duodenum and break down dimers and trimers of biomolecules into absorbable monomers. |
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enzymes in duodenum (examples) |
disaccharidases, peptidases, enteropeptidase, secretin hormone, cholecystokinin (CKK) hormone. |
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peptidases |
-break down proteins. -aminopeptidase and dipeptidase |
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enteropeptidase |
-activates trypsinogen to trypsin. -activates procarboxypeptidases A and B to their active forms |
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secretin |
stimulates release of pancreatic juices into digestive tract regulates pH of digestive tract by reducing HCl secretion from parietal cells and increasing bicarbonate secretion from pancreas. |
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cholecystokinin (CKK) |
stimulates release of bile and pancreatic juices and acts as "brain" that determines satiety. |
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bile salts |
emulsify fats and cholesterol into micelles. Without it, fats would not be accessible to pancreatic lipase, which is water-soluble. |
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acinar cells |
exocrine cells of the pancreas that produce pancreatic juices. these juices are bicarbonate-rich alkaline secretions that contains digestive enzymes. |
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pancreatic lipase |
secreted by pancreas, breaks down fats into free fatty acids and glycerol. |
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bile ducts |
-connect liver with gallbladder and small intestine. -transports bile from production in liver to storage in gallbladder |
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gallbladder |
stores and concentrates bile
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large intestine main goal and three parts |
water absorption. cecum, colon, rectum. |
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cecum |
-outpocketing that accepts fluid exiting small intestine through the ileocecal valve -the site of attachment of the appendix. |
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rectum |
concentrates remaining material to feces |
