Digestive System 6 Grades ~ Rms

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

A basic unit of a living thing

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Prokaryotic Cell

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Cell that has no nucleus

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Eukaryotic Cell

Back 3

Cell that has nucleus

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Tissue

Back 4

Groups of similar cells that works together

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Organ

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Different tissues that work together that form a special function

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Organ System

Back 6

A groups of organs that are working together

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Organism

Back 7

An individual living thing

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Unicellular Organism

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An organism that only has one cell

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Multicellular Organism

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An organism that has many cells

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Peristalsis

Back 10

Series of involuntary muscular contractions that squeezed food down to the stomach

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Digestive System

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A coiled muscular tube that is 6 - 9 meters long beginning in the mouth to the anus

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Digestion

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Process which food is converted to soluble forms

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Two Forms of Digestion

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1. Physical Digestion

2. Chemical DIgestion

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Physical Digestion

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Breaks down food into smaller particles

Being chewed in the mouth

Increase surface area of food

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Chemical Digestion

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Breaks down food by the enzymes

Begins in the mouth with saliva

Mostly occurs in the small intestine

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Stages of Digestion

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1. Movement
2. Secretion
3. Digestion
4. Absorption
5. Elimination

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Movement

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Propels food through system

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Secretion

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Release digestive juices

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Digestion (in stages of digestion)

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Breakdown food into molecular size

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Absorbtation

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Food molecules absorb through intestinal walls

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Elimination

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Removal of undigested food

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Primary Organs

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1. Teeth
2. Esophagus
3. Stomach
4. Small Intestine
5. Large Intestine
6. Anus

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Teeth

Back 23

Physical breakdown of food

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Esphagus

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Transport food from the esophagus to the stomach through the process of peristalsis

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Stomach

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Muscular organs that store your food temporarily, mixed, digest, and controls passage of food

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Small Intestines

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The major site to the digestion and absorption of nutrients, contain villi

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Large Intestine

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Absorb water from undigested materials

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Anus

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Opening for removal of feces

Front 29

Secondary Digestive Organs

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1. Salivary Glands
2. Liver
3, Gall Bladder
4. Pancreas
5. Rectum

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Salivary Glands

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Secrete chemical (enzymes) that breakdown starch into glucose

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Liver

Back 31

Produce bile which helps breakdown fat into small dropplets

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Gall Bladder

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Stores bile

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Pancreas

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Secrete enzymes that breakdown starches into protein

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Rectum

Back 34

Opening for removal of feces

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Digestion starts in

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The mouth

Front 36

Physical digestion starts with

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Chewing

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Chemical digestion start with

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Enzymes

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Saliva

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Mixture of water and enzymes that breakdown carbohydrate into glucose (sugar).

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What is indicator ?

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A chemical that test the presence or absence of another substance.

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What is used to test for protein?

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Glucose Test Strip

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What is used to test for starch?

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Iodine

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Quantitative Data

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Something that can be measured

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Qualitative Data

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Something that can't be measured. For example color.

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Scientist would prefer what type of data?

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Quantitative Data

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3 Types of Solutions:

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1. Acidic Solution

2. Neutral Solution

3. Basic Solution

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Definition of Acidic Solutions:

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A liquid with hydrogen

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Characteristic of Acidic Solutions:

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1. Poisonous

2. Burn Skin

3. Corrode Metal

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Examples of Acidic Solutions:

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1. Oranges

2. Lemons

3. Pickles

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Definition of Neutral Solutions:

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A liquid that contains a balance of hydrogen and hydroxide

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Characteristic of Neutral Solutions:

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1. Tasteless

2. Harmless

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Examples of Neutral Solutions:

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Distilled Water

Front 52

Definition of Basic Solution (Base):

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A liquid with Hydroxide

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Characteristic of Basic Solution

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1. Poisonous

2. Burn Skins

3. Dissolve Bones

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Examples of Basic Solutions:

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1. Soap
2. Ammonia
3. Unsweetened Chocolates
4. Milk of Magnesia

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What do people use when stomach hurt? Why?

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Milk of Magnesia, because it helps neutralize the stomach acid creating a neutral solutions.

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How long is stomach?

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10 Inches long

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How often does Stomach lining replaced?

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Every 3 days

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What does stomach do?

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1. Expand to hold foods, contracts when empty

2. Digest proteins

3. Liquefies food

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4 Substance made in the stomach:

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1. Hydrochloric Acids (HCI)
2. Mucus
3. Hormone
4. Enzymes

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Hydrochloric Acids:

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Acid in digestion.

Kills the disease caused by organism.

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Mucus:

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Protect stomach from its acids

Front 62

Hormones

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Triggered by the brain to stimulate the stomach to start or stop the production of acid

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Enzymes:

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Help with digestion of protein and in the clumping of protein for digestion.

Front 64

The stomach help produces:

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enzymes

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Stomach helps digest:

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1. Protein

2. Enzymes

3. Rennin

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Rennin:

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Enzymes that clump milk to a solid and stay in the stomach longer so protein can be digested, important in infants

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Something Churring:

Back 67

It's gooey has air bubbles and feels warm

Front 68

What effect that rennet tablet have on milk? Is it physical or chemical change?

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It is chemical change, because it turned milk into big globs and has air bubbles

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What would happen to your stomach without mucus?

Back 69

Acid would burn your stomach

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Why mucus in an adaptation?

Back 70

Because it protects stomach from its own acids

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Most of digestion happens in:

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The first 10 inches of the small intestine, the rest is where nutrients are absorbed

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What happened in the small intestine?

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Food entered into the small intestine are combined with pancreatic fluid and bile

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Pancreatic Fluid:

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A base that neutralize stomach acids has enzymes to breakdown starch, fat, sugars, and protein

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Bile:

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made in the liver, stored in gall bladder, breaks down fat into small droplets to increase surface area

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Large Intestine:

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It is your second to last part of primary digestion.

Long tube 5 ft/ 1.5 meters long

Makes bacteria that helps large intestine

Final digestion, water absorption, and feces elimination

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Colon:

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The last part of the large intestine

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Is there any enzymes in the large intestine?

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No

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What does bacteria in the large intestine do?

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1. Digest plant fiber
2. creates intestinal gas when digesting plant fiber
3. Produce B & K vitamin
4. Help body absorb water
5. Without bacteria, diarrhea can occur

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Independent Variable:

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The variable that is changed on purpose by the experimenter (also known as the cause, stimulus, reason, manipulated variable). This is the "IF" part of a hypothesis.

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Dependent Variable:

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The variable that respond (also know as effect, results, responding variables). This is the "then" part of hypothesis.

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Constant:

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All factors which are not allowed to change during an experiment

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What happened when beano is mixed with beans?

How would this prevent gas?

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It becomes solid and chunky.

Beano contain enzymes that helps breakdown fiber into glucose before the gas started. It also increase the pH in the colon.

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What happens to the water that is absorbed in the large intestine?

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It goes around your body

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Antibiotic cab kill bacteria in the large intestine. How can this cause vitamin loss and diarrhea?

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Bacteria produces vitamin B & K. Bacteria is is important.

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Beano is like a pair of scissor:

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because it breaks down food

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Surface Area:

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Measure how much exposed area an object has

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What does Villi and Micro Villa do?

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In the small intestine, inner folds, villi and microvilli increase the area and absorb digested food faster

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Inner folds increase the surface area by:

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3X

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Villi increase the surface area for absorption by:

Back 89

another 10X

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Microvilli increase the surface area for absorption by:

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another 10X

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Length of section of Intestinal Wall

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26 cm

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Length of Villi:

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62 cm

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Length of Microvilli

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108 cm

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What would happen to our body's absorption rate of the intestines if villi had no microvilli?

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less nutrients would be able to get in the blood stream causing the person to become underweight.

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Digestive System Diagram

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