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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Muscle Tissue |
contracts and generates movement Skeletal (voluntary) Smooth (Involuntary) Cardiac (Involuntary) |
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Nerve Tissue |
Sends and receives signals electrical signals produced in one nerve may stimulate or inhibit other nerve cells to - initiate new electrical signals -stimulates muscle contractions |
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Epithelial Tissue |
Protects, Absorbs, and secrets |
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Connective Tissue |
Connects, anchors, supports, transmits information Types: Adipose, Blood, Cartilage, Fibrous Connective, Loose Connective, Bone |
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Which organ system can an animal live without? |
Reproductive |
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When you breathe what organ systems are working together? |
Circulatory, Respiratory, and Muscular-skeletal |
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What separates plasma from interstitial fluid? |
The blood vessel wall |
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What separates intracellular from interstitial fluid? |
the cell membrane |
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Water moves from areas of |
low to high solute concentration |
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Osmosis is |
passive/ does not require energy |
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A 0.9% NaCl solution is isotonic to red blood cells. Which of these best describes the results if red blood cells are placed into a 0.9% solution of NaCl? |
They will shrink |
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What defies an animal? |
Kingdom, multicellular, heterotroph, no cell wall, nervous tissue, similar RNA (most), Hox genes |
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What % of body fluid is water? |
66%
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When tissue freezes, ice forms in the interstitial fluid.
this reduces the relative amount of liquid water in the interstitial fluid. T/F this decreases the solute concentration T/F this will cause water to go from the intracellular to the interstitial fluid. T/F this will dehydrate the cells T/F |
T, F, T, T |
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Explain Surface area to volume |
SA/V volume increases faster than surface area extensive surface area is important for functions such as absorption, gas exchange, and communication all organs that mediate diffusion or absorption have an extensive surface area |
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define homeostasis |
process of adjusting to external environment and maintaining a stable internal environment (decrease in body temperature challenges homeostasis) |
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conformer |
maintains same body conditions |
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regulator |
maintain different body conditions than surrounding environment |
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in terms of body temperature humans are |
regulators |
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what monitors a particular variable? |
sensor sensor is typically a nerve cell, such as temperature sensitive cells in the skin |
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what compares signals from the sensor to the baseline set point? |
integrator often located in the brain and compares input from the sensor to the set point |
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what compensates for deviations between actual value and set point? |
effector example: body temperatures in mammals (skeletal muscle) |
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What are the principles of digestion? |
ingest, digest, absorb, and eliminate |
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explain intracellular digestion |
only in some very simple invertebrates (sponges) |
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explain extracellular digestion |
the breakdown of food in compartments that are continuous with the outside of the animals body. Having one or more extracellular compartments for digestion enables an animal to devour much larger pieces of food that can be ingested by phagocytosis |
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what enzyme is found in saliva and what does it do? |
amylase and it hydrolyzes starch and glycogen into smaller polysaccharides and the disaccharide maltose |
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What happens to glucose during the absorptive stage? |
if the body uses it right away it is broken down into carbon dioxide, water, energy for ATP, and heat. otherwise it is stored as glycogen in the liver or muscle, or as triglyceride in a fat cell |
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What happens to glucose in the post absorptive stage? |
glucose is delivered to the body's cell through the blood stream |
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what the does the liver do to fatty acids for energy? |
the liver turns fatty acids into ketones that it releases into the body. Ketones can be used as an energy source by cells |
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explain glucose homeostasis |
when insulin levels rise after a carb rich meal, glucose entering the liver in the hepatic portal vein is used to synthesize glycogen. Between meals, when blood in the hepatic portal vein has a much lower glucose concentration, glucagon stimulates the liver to breakdown glycogen, releasing glucose into the blood. |
