Digestive System

Front 1

peritoneum

Back 1

Visceral and parietal layers, Peritoneal cavity

Front 2

mesentary

Back 2

Folds of peritoneum

Front 3

intraperitoneal

Back 3

situated within or administered by entering the peritoneum

Front 4

retroperitoneal

Back 4

the space between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall that contains especially the kidneys and associated structures, the pancreas, and part of the aorta and inferior vena cava

Front 5

Ingestion

Back 5

swallowing, Skeletal muscle up to top 1/3 of esophagus

Front 6

Peristalsis

Back 6

Major means of propulsion (smooth muscle)

Front 7

Segmentation

Back 7

Rhythmic local contractions of the intestine that mixes food with digestive juices (small intestine)

Front 8

Digestion

Back 8

Enzymatic Breakdown (mouth, stomach and small intestine)

Front 9

Absorption

Back 9

Small Intestine (main site) Into blood vessels

(simple sugars and amino acids) Into lacteals (fats

only)

Large Intestine (mainly water)

Front 10

Defecation

Back 10

exiting the body

Front 11

4 layers of GI tract?

Back 11

Serosa, muscularis externa, submucosa, mucosa

Front 12

Functions of Peritoneum and Mesenteries

Back 12

Holds organs in place, Sites of fat storage,

Provides a route for circulatory vessels

and nerves

Front 13

Mucosa Layer

Back 13

innermost layer, Contains some

glands

Front 14

Submucosa Layer

Back 14

Contains glands, blood vessels, lymphatics, submucosal nerve plexus

Front 15

Muscularis externa

Back 15

Circular muscularis, Inner layer

Longitudinal muscularis, Outer layer

Front 16

Serosa

Back 16

is a smooth membrane consisting of a thin layer of cells which secrete serous fluid, and an underlying thin epithelial layer

Front 17

Explain the enteric nervous system

Back 17

Enteric means “gut"

Resides solely in the walls of the alimentary

canal

Front 18

Myenteric nerve plexus

Back 18

Lies between circular and longitudinal muscularis

Controls movement (peristalsis and

segmentation)

Front 19

Submucosal nerve plexus

Back 19

Lies in submucosa

Signals glands to secrete

Front 20

Salivary glands function

Back 20

Saliva moistens the mouth, dissolves food

chemicals, binds food into a bolus

Saliva contains -Water, ions, Mucus, Enzymes

Front 21

Esophagus function

Back 21

muscular tube

Begins as a continuation of the pharynx,

Joins the stomach inferior to the diaphragm

Front 22

Cardiac sphincter

Back 22

closes lumen to prevent stomach acid from entering esophagus

Front 23

Stomach function

Back 23

Site where food bolus is churned into chyme

Protein digestion begins

Food remains in stomach approximately 4

hours

Front 24

Regions of the stomach

Back 24

Fundus

Body

Pyloric part

Front 25

Microscopic Anatomy of the Stomach

Back 25

Mucosa dotted with gastric pits

Gastric glands-deep to gastric pits

Front 26

3 regions of Small Intestine

Back 26

Site of most enzymatic digestion and absorption

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Front 27

Duodenum

Back 27

Receives digestive enzymes and bile from the liver/gallbladder and pancreas

Front 28

Modifications to increase surface area for absorption in small intestine

Back 28

Circular folds, Villi (finger like projections), Microvilli (brush border)

Front 29

Absorptive enterocytes

Back 29

(in intestinal wall)

Uptake digested nutrients

Front 30

Goblet cells

Back 30

(in intestinal wall)

Secrete mucus that lubricates chyme

Front 31

Enteroendocrine cells

Back 31

(in intestinal wall)

Secrete hormones

Front 32

function of large intestine

Back 32

Absorb water and electrolytes

Front 33

Cecum

Back 33

Blind pouch

Beginning of large intestine

Front 34

Appendix

Back 34

Contains lymphoid tissue

Neutralizes pathogens

Front 35

Colon

Back 35

Ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid

colon

Front 36

Teniae coli

Back 36

3 thin strips of longitudinal muscularis

Front 37

Haustra

Back 37

Puckering created by teniae coli

Front 38

Anal canal has what kind of epithelium

Back 38

Lined with stratified squamous epithelium

Front 39

liver functions

Back 39

Largest gland in the body

Performs over 500 functions

Digestive function, Bile production

Front 40

Hepatocyte

Back 40

functional cells of the liver

Front 41

Hepatic macrophages

Back 41

destroy bacteria

Front 42

Portal triad composed of

Back 42

Bile duct

Branch of hepatic portal vein

Branch of hepatic artery

Front 43

Gallbladder function

Back 43

Stores and concentrates bile

Expels bile into duodenum

Bile emulsifies fats

Front 44

Pancreas function

Back 44

Exocrine function

Produces most enzymes that digest food in the

small intestine