Digestive System

Front 1

alimentary canal

Back 1

is like the hole in a doughnut

Front 2

oral cavity

Back 2

the beginning of the alimentary canal; the area where teeth pulverize ingested food while it is softened and partly digested by salivary gland secretions

Front 3

pharynx

Back 3

fibromuscular pharynx; the area of the throat at the back of the mouth that connects the esophagus with the laryngharynx

Front 4

esophagus

Back 4

moves the bolus along to the stomach; the tubing that takes food from the pharynx to the stomach by way of peristaltic muscular contractions

Front 5

stomach

Back 5

the area of the body where bolus is treated to mechanical and chemical digestion

Front 6

small intestine

Back 6

highly coiled region of the digestive system that bolus is moved into after being digested in the stomach; more enzymatic and mechanical digestion occures

small molecular nutrients are extracted from the bolus and absorbed by lining cells and then transferred to capillaries

Front 7

liver

Back 7

produces bile that is used in digestion; bile is transferred from the liver to the gall bladder before going into a duct into the duodenum

nutrients absorbed throughout the tract are transported to the liver by the hepatic portal system for processing and distribution to the body's cells

Front 8

gall bladder

Back 8

a small sack connected to the liver that stores bile until it CCK is released causing the gall bladder to retract and bile to proceed into the duodenum

Front 9

bile ducts

Back 9

how the bile goes from the gall bladder to the duodenum

Front 10

large intestine

Back 10

mainly concerned with absorption of water, minerals, and certain vitamins

Front 11

hepatic portal system

Back 11

the way that nutrients absorbed by the digestive tract are transported to the liver for processing and distribution to the body's cells

Front 12

mastication

Back 12

the act of eating

Front 13

deglutition

Back 13

the act of swallowing

Front 14

anterior half of the mouth

Back 14

includes teeth, muscular tongue and related extrinsic muscles, salivary glands, hard (bony) palate, and buccinartor muscle in the cheek wall

concerned with wetting, macerating, and pulverizing ingested material

Front 15

mucous glands of the mouth

Back 15

thousands located in the stratified squamous-lined mucose of the mouth assist in wetting, macerating, and pulverizing ingested material

Front 16

salivary glands

Back 16

secretions soften and partly digest ingested food

Front 17

tongue

Back 17

aids in mechanical manipulation of ingested food and literally flips the food into the fibromuscular pharynx during swallowing

Front 18

bolus

Back 18

the partly digested ingested food that has already passed through the mouth and over the tongue

Front 19

papillae

Back 19

multiple, microscopically-towering papillae are on the surface of the toungue and forms an abrasive surface for mechanical digestion

Front 20

temporomandibular joints

Back 20

permit a fairly wide range of lower jaw motion and mouth opening (35-50mm in adults)

Front 21

posterior half of the mouth

Back 21

includes: soft (muscular) palate, tongue, and tonsils between the muscular arches and is concerned with immune defense and propelling the mechanically treated food into the pharynx

Front 22

Sense receptors of the mouth

Back 22

a.k.a. taste buds are buried among the papillae on the tongue surface and are responsive to chemical stimuli dissolved in the saliva

arranged in a pattern reflecting specific sensitivity to molecular variations (bitter, sour, salt, and sweet tastes)

Front 23

salivary glands

Back 23

secrete a mixed water/mucus, enzyme-containing fluid into the mouth during periods of eating (or anticipated eating; one of the reasons why ones mouth will water before one throws up)

Front 24

msucle (myoepithelial) cells

Back 24

specilized myopithelial cells at the base of salivary glands stimulate secretion into the ducts following stimulation by autonomic nerves.

Front 25

sublingual glands

Back 25

located under the tongue on the floor of the mouth; smallest of the three paired glands of the mouth;

Front 26

submandibular gland

Back 26

opens on the floor of the mouth under the tongue

Front 27

parotid gland

Back 27

the largest of the mouth glands; sends its duct across the massester muscle, through the cheek and into the oral cavity opposite the upper 2nd molar tooth

Front 28

masselter muscle

Back 28

the muscle of mastication or eating

Front 29

mandible

Back 29

the lower jaw