Digestive System

Front 1

Which of the following is a function performed by the digestive system?

Back 1

elimination of undigested food

Front 2

In order to remove a tumor in the muscular tunic of the stomach, a surgeon must cut through the

Back 2

serosa

Front 3

The muscularis layer in the wall of the digestive tract is

Back 3

composed of a layer of circular smooth muscle fibers and a layer of longitudinal smooth muscle fibers

Front 4

The enteric plexus

Back 4

controls movement and secretion of the digestive tract

Front 5

Which layer of the digestive tract is in direct is in direct contact with the food consumed?

Back 5

mucosa

Front 6

Which of the following is correctly matched?

Back 6

muscularis - responsible for peristalsis

Front 7

The myenteric plexus is found in the *** of the digestive tract wall.

Back 7

muscularis

Front 8

The intramural plexus

Back 8

helps control movement and secretions of the digestive tract and contains parasympathetic neurons

Front 9

Beginning at the lumen, the sequence of layers of the digestice tract wall is

Back 9

mucosa, submucosa, muscularis, serosa

Front 10

Secretions that are added as food moves through the GI tract assist in

Back 10

liquefying and digesting the food

Front 11

Diffusion and active transport are likely to be important in

Back 11

absorption of food

Front 12

Which of the following organs is retroperitoneal?

Back 12

pancreas, ascending colon, duodenum, descending colon

Front 13

Abdominal organs that lie against the body wall and have no mesenteries are said to be

Back 13

retroperitoneal

Front 14

Intrinsic factor

Back 14

facilitates the absorption of vitamin B12

Front 15

Assume we could alter the conditions in the duodenum. If we inserted a large volume of highly acidic chyme which contained a large amount of fat, which of the following responses are consistent with that?

Back 15

decreased gastric acid secretion, increased bile production, increased pancreatic bicarbonate production and pancreatic enzyme secretion, increased secretin and cholecystokinin

Front 16

Pepsinogen

Back 16

packaged in zymogen granules

Front 17

Anticipation of eating food causes an increase in secretion of gastric juice. This phase of gastric secretion is called the *** phase.

Back 17

cephalic

Front 18

The gastric phase of gastric secretion

Back 18

leads to the greatest volume of gastric secretion

Front 19

The distention of the stomach by food is the primary stimulus to begin the

Back 19

gastric phase of gastric secretion

Front 20

The intestinal phase of gastric secretion

Back 20

is controlled by the entrance of acidic chyme into the duodenum

Front 21

Which of the following would inhibit both gastric secretion and gastric motility?

Back 21

gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP)

Front 22

Which of the following would stimulate gastric secretion?

Back 22

gastrin

Front 23

Fatty acids and certain lipids in the duodenum initiate the release of

Back 23

GIP and cholecystokinin (CCK)

Front 24

The enterogastric reflex can be triggered by

Back 24

distention of the duodenal wall

Front 25

Food in the stomach is squeezed and mixed with gastric juices, forming a semiliquid called

Back 25

chyme

Front 26

The pyloric pump

Back 26

moves chyme through a partially close pyloric opening

Front 27

Duodenal gland secretion prevents

Back 27

irritation of the duodenal mucosa by acidic chyme and digestive enzymes

Front 28

Enzymes secreted by the small intestine include

Back 28

disaccharidases

Front 29

The villi, microvilli, and plicae circularis function to

Back 29

increase surface area for absorption

Front 30

The hepatopancreatic ampulla is formed by the union of the

Back 30

common bile duct and interlobular duct

Front 31

Which layer of the small intestine wall contains cells with microvilli?

Back 31

mucose

Front 32

What portion of the small intestine is most distal from the pylorus of the stomach?

Back 32

ileum

Front 33

Which of the following cell types is correctly matches with its function?

Back 33

absorptive cells - produce digestive enzymes

Front 34

Blockage of the ileocecal valve would prevent

Back 34

chyme from entering the large intestine

Front 35

The gall bladder

Back 35

stores bile

Front 36

The pancreatic islets

Back 36

are endocrine glands

Front 37

Which of the following statements regarding the pancreas is true?

Back 37

the pancreatic acinar cells secrete digestive enzymes

Front 38

Bile would flow directly from the

Back 38

hepatic ducts into the common hepatic duct

Front 39

Arrange the ducts in the order that bile would pass through them when moving from the bile canaliculi tot he small intestine without being stored in the gallbladder.

Back 39

left and right hepatic ducts, common hepatic duct, common bile duct

Front 40

Which of the following is a function of the hepatocytes?

Back 40

synthesize bile

Front 41

Bile is produced by cells of the

Back 41

liver

Front 42

Bile secretion is

Back 42

performed continuously by the liver

Front 43

Bile emulsifies fats in the

Back 43

small intestine

Front 44

Hepatocytes

Back 44

phagocytize cells, form phospholipids and hydroxylate vitamin D, convert ammonia to urea, remove sugar from the blood and store it as glycogen

Front 45

Which of the following structures has both endocrine and exocrine tisuses?

Back 45

pancreas

Front 46

Which of the following apply to the small intestine?

Back 46

secretions from the liver and pancreas enter the organ, segmentation contractions occur, both digestion and absorption occur, mixing and propulsion of chyme

Front 47

CCK is produced by endocrine cells of the

Back 47

small intestine

Front 48

Which of the following is mismatched?

Back 48

sympathetic fibers - increase intestinal motility

Front 49

Which of the following statements applies to the ileocecal sphincter?

Back 49

peristaltic contractions reaching this sphincter cause it to relax

Front 50

The gallbladder contracts in response to the hormone

Back 50

CCK

Front 51

When chyme enters the duodenum, *** is released and stimulates the pancreas to secrete bicarbonates.

Back 51

secretin

Front 52

The digestive juice that contains enzymes capable of digesting all major food groups is

Back 52

pancreatic

Front 53

Which of the following enzymes is found in inactive form in pancreatic juice?

Back 53

trypsin

Front 54

Which of the following enzymes is mismatched with its substrate?`

Back 54

trypsin - nucleic acids

Front 55

Enterokinase

Back 55

activates trypsinogen

Front 56

Trypsin can activate

Back 56

CCK

Front 57

A proteolytic enzyme secreted by the pancreas is

Back 57

chymotrypsin

Front 58

Which of the following statements concerning CCK is correct?

Back 58

CCK stimulates contraction of the gallbladder

Front 59

The major stimulus for the release of CCK is the presence of *** in the intestine.

Back 59

fatty acids and other lipids

Front 60

Which of the following does NOT illustrate digestion?

Back 60

CO2 and H2O -> carbohydrates

Front 61

Enzymes for the digestion of disaccharides are produced in the

Back 61

small intestine

Front 62

Insulin increases the rate of *** transport into cells.

Back 62

glucose

Front 63

Most nutrient absorption occurs in the

Back 63

duodenum and jejunum

Front 64

Enzymes that digest carbohydrates include

Back 64

amylase, maltase, and sucrase

Front 65

Monosaccharides use a *** process in their absorption.

Back 65

co-transport

Front 66

If the thoracid duct were tied off, which of the following classes of nutrients would not enter the circulatory system at their normal rate?

Back 66

lipids

Front 67

Emulsification increases the surface area for

Back 67

lipid digestion

Front 68

Small droplets of digested lipids surrounded by bile salts are called

Back 68

micelles

Front 69

Chylomicros

Back 69

are synthesized in intestinal epithelial cells

Front 70

In comparison to a low-density lipoprotein (LDH), a high-density lipoprotein (HDL) contains

Back 70

less lipid

Front 71

Which of the following lipoproteins contains the highest percentage of cholesterol?

Back 71

LDL

Front 72

Serum cholesterol levels are solely dependent on a person's dietary intake of cholesterol. T or F

Back 72

false

Front 73

LDL's are taken into a cell by the process of

Back 73

receptor mediated endocytosis

Front 74

Which of the following enzymes digests protein?

Back 74

pepsin

Front 75

Which of the following is an end product of protein digestion?

Back 75

amino acids

Front 76

Intestinal epithelial cells absorb more dipeptides and tripeptides than single amino acids. T or F

Back 76

true

Front 77

When intestinal chyme is highly concentrated

Back 77

water moves by osmosis into the lumen of the small intestine

Front 78

Which of the following are effects of aging on the digestive system?

Back 78

blood supply decreases, more likely to develop ulcerations and cancers, and enamel on teeth becomes thinner

Front 79

Absorptive cells

Back 79

produce digestive enzymes

Front 80

Goblet cells

Back 80

produce mucous

Front 81

Granular cells

Back 81

may protect intestinal epithelium

Front 82

Endocrine cells

Back 82

produce hormones

Front 83

Hepatocytes

Back 83

synthesize bile

Front 84

Mesentery proper

Back 84

mesentery of the small intestine

Front 85

Trypsin

Back 85

pancreas

Front 86

Lactase

Back 86

small intestine

Front 87

Carboxypeptidase

Back 87

pancreas

Front 88

Peptidases

Back 88

small intestine

Front 89

GIP

Back 89

small intestine

Front 90

CCK

Back 90

small intestine

Front 91

Disaccharidase

Back 91

small intestine

Front 92

Pancreatic lipase

Back 92

fatty acids and glycerol

Front 93

Cholesterol esterase

Back 93

cholesterol and free fatty acids

Front 94

Lactase

Back 94

glucose and galactose

Front 95

Amylase

Back 95

maltose and isomaltose

Front 96

Carboxypeptidase

Back 96

amino acids

Front 97

Parietal cells produce ***

Back 97

HCl

Front 98

Lymph nodules in the submucosa of the ileum are called ***

Back 98

Peyer's patches

Front 99

Organs of the abdominal cavity are held in place by connective tissue sheets called ***

Back 99

mesenteries