Digestive System

Front 1

accessory organ

Back 1

Term often used to refer to ther pancreas, liver, and gall bladder, because their role in the process of digestion is vital, but they are not physically part of the digestive tract.

Front 2

amylase

Back 2

enzyme in saliva that breaks down starch into simpler sugars

Front 3

carbohydrases

Back 3

enzyme that catalyses the hydrolysis of carbohydrates

Front 4

catalyst

Back 4

chemical that speeds up a chemical reaction but is not used up in the reaction

Front 5

hydrolysis

Back 5

chemical reaction in which the addition of a water molecule cleaves a macromolecule into subunits; one hydrogen atom from water is attached to one subunit and a hydroxyl group is bonded to the other subunit, breaking a covalent bond in the macromolecule

Front 6

chyme

Back 6

thick liquid formed by mixing food with gastric juice in the stomach.

Front 7

digestive tract

Back 7

in animals, a long tube that extends from the mouth to the anus, through which food moves and is broken down into simpler compounds that are used for energy, growth, and cell repair.

Front 8

bolus

Back 8

smooth, lump-like mass of food rolled by the tongue to aid swallowing.

Front 9

macromolecule

Back 9

a large, complex assembly of organi molecules; four categories of macromolecules are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid.

Front 10

stomach

Back 10

organ found in the abdomen that performs hundreds of functions as an accessory organ of the digestive system, including the secretion of bile to digest fats; other functions include plasma protein production, blood detoxification, and glycogen storage

Front 11

disaccharide

Back 11

sugar that can be that contains two pairs of every chromosomes, designated as 2n; e.g somatic cells; compare haploid

Front 12

monosaccharide

Back 12

single sugar that can not be hydrolyzed into simpler sugars; for example glucose, fructose and galactose.

Front 13

lower esophageal sphincter

Back 13

a muscular ring between the esophagus and the stomach that controls the movement of food into and out of the stomach

Front 14

dehydration synthesis

Back 14

chemical reaction that results in the formation of a covalent bond between two subunit molecule by the removal of an -OH (hydroxyl) group from one subunit and a hydrogen atom from the other subunit; esentially, a molecule of water is removed

Front 15

gall bladder

Back 15

organs that stores bile produced by the liver

Front 16

gastria

Back 16

stomach hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and the inactive precursor molecule of pepsin from glands in the stomach

Front 17

homeostasis

Back 17

the tendency of the body to maintain a relatively constant internal environment

Front 18

exopeptidases

Back 18

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids

Front 19

bioavailability

Back 19

the amount of a nutrient that a person absorbs from a source, rather than the total amount actually in the source.

Front 20

enzymes

Back 20

protein molecule that acts as a catalyst to increase the rate of a reaction