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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Heterotrophic Nutrition?
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Unable to manufacture food from inorganic materials. Depends on autotrophs.
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What is Autotrophic Nutrition?
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Organisms capable of synthesizing organic molecules from simple inorganic material. ex) photosynthesizers
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What do Heterotrophs need?
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Sugars, Amino Acids, Fatty Acids, Glycerol, Minerals, vitamins
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What are the 4 steps of Heterotrophic nutrition?
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1) Ingestion
2) Digestion 3) Absorption 4) Egestion |
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What is the Pharynx?
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.Chamber in throat where the nasal cavity and mouth meet and the esophagus and trachea meet. Both air and food pass through.
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What do the Mucus Membranes do?
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Lubricates walls of mouth for easy passage of food.
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What is the purpose of Mechanical digestion by teeth and tongue?
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Increases surface area for action by enzymes, Mixes food thouroughly.
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What is the purpose of saliva?
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Moistens food and contains amylase which begins starch digestion.
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What is Mucin?
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It is a lubricant that binds food together for easier swallow.
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How are salivary Secretions controlled?
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Mechanical pressure by food in the mouth, and the nervous system even thinking of food sends signal to the brain.
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What is the Epiglottis?
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A flap of tissue that prevents food from entering the trachea.
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What is the Esophagus?
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Hollow muscular tube that connects the pharynx to the stomach. Walls contain mucus glands which lubricates food for easy passage.
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What makes the food go to the stomach?
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Peristalsis- rhythmic waves of contraction and relaxation of muscular walls.
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What is the stomach?
Where is it located? How does the esophagus connect to it? |
A hollow muscular puch located just under the diaphragm. The esophagus connects to the stomach by the Cardiac sphincter.
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what are the functions of the stomach?
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.temporary storage of food
.Liquifaction of food .Beginning of protein digestion |
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What is the purpose of Hydrochloric acid?
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.PH of 1-2
.destroys bacteria present in food .liquifies food .Is present in Gastric Juice |
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What is Gastric Juice?
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.Secreted into the stomach cavity by stomach cells
.Churning of the stomach mixes juice with food .Contains HCL |
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What is chyme?
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liquefied food.
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How does chyme enter the small intestine?
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squirted into the small intestine through the pyloric sphincter.
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What three sections make up the small intestine?
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Duodenum,Jejunum,eleum
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What is the function of the small intestine?
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.Complete the digestion of food
.absorb the nutrients into the circulatory siystem (blood) .important secretions from the pancreas and the liver |
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What does Pancreatic Fluid do?
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Contains sodium bicarbonate raises PH to 8
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What secretions come from the small intestine?
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Pancreatic fluid, Pancreatic amylase, Lipase, Trypsin and Chymotryosin
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What is the purpose of the finger like projections called villi?
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Increase surface area for absorbing food molecules into blood.
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Where is bile stored? Where does it go to after that?
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In the gallbladder, which contracts and sends it into the duodenum
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Where does the material that is not absorbed by the point after the small intestine enter? Where does it enter there through?
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The large intestine through the ileal-caecal sphincter.
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The caecum is a small pouch at the beginning of the L.I. what does it contain and what type is it?
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It contains the appendix which is a vestigial organ
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What are the functions of the large intestine?
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.Absorb water into blood
.absorb vitamins and minerals into blood .eliminate undigested material from deigestive tract |
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What is the purpose of the bacteria that live in the L.I. of mammals? What is the byproduct of this?
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They digest material that we are not able ot digest. The byproduct is synthesis of vitamis like vitamin K
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What secion of the digestive tract is the Rectum and Anus?
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last
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What is the rectum?
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holding pouch for feces
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how does feces exit the digestive tract?
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through a sphincter muscle called the anus
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What is the purpose for fiber in the diet?
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Serves to retain water throughout the digestive tract.
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What is gastrin?
What does it result in? |
Hormone that stimulates the release of HCL release from certain upper stomach cells into the bloodstream. Results in the release of Garstric juices
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What is secretin?
What does it result in? |
A hormone that is secreted into the blood when the presence of chyme causes the cells of the duodenum to secrete it. It causes the pancreas to begin producing pancreatic juice.
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What is CCK?
What does it cause? |
A hormone that is secreted into the blood. This causes the gall bladder to contract, propelling bile into the duodenum through the bile duct.
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What are the functions of liver?
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Digestive function, Regulation of Blood Glucose, Breakdown of Red Blood Cells, Synthesis of plasma proteins, Storage, Detoxification, Excreatory Function
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