Digestive System

Front 1

Peritoneum

Back 1

-membrane lining the abdominal cavity
-closed sac, except for continues to female fallopian tubes

Front 2

Development of Peritoneum

Back 2

During embryonic development abdominal organs invaginate the parietal sac, creating a double layer of membrane;
-visceral peritoneum surrounds individual organs
-parietal peritoneum forms wall of sac lining actual abdomen.

Front 3

visceral peritoneum

Back 3

-continuous with serosa;
-surrounds each organ/structure of the digestive system;

Front 4

water balloon peritoneum

Back 4

during development, organs migrate into the parietal sac like a fist going into the dorsal aspect of a water balloon. the layer right next to the fist is visceral, outer is parietal.

Front 5

parietal peritoneum

Back 5

layer of peritoneum that lines the inner surfaces of body wall;
it's the wall of the sac lining the abdomen.

Front 6

retroperitoneal

Back 6

the area behind the kidneys

Front 7

histological layers of GI tract

Back 7

mucosa
muscularis mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa/adventitia

Front 8

mucosa

Back 8

innermost layer of tract; lines the lumen; epithelial tissue

Front 9

muscularis mucosa

Back 9

-deep to mucosal layer (if you're inside the GI tract).

Front 10

Submucosa

Back 10

Layer deep to the muscularis mucosa; entrypoint of arteries, veins, and lymphatic vessels.
-"Areolar tissue"

Front 11

Muscularis externa

Back 11

REAL muscular layer
-strong/smooth muscle, two arrangements:
-Circular (innermost layer)
-Longitudinal (outer layer)
*(mechanical processing, propulsion of material along tract)

Front 12

Serosa/adventitia

Back 12

Serosa - clear tissue outermost layer.
Adventitia - just under serosa; connective tissue, attatches tract to adjacent structures.

Front 13

mesentery

Back 13

extreme thickening of adventitial layer; anchors contents of the abdomen to the abdominal wall

Front 14

Digestive System Components (General)

Back 14

-Oral Cavity
-Pharynx
-Esophagus
-Abdominal cavity
-Accesory organs

Front 15

Contents of the Abdominal Cavity

Back 15

-Peritoneum
-Stomach
-Small intestine
-Large intestine (aka Colon)
-Anus

Front 16

Accesory Digestive Organs

Back 16

-Liver
-Gall bladder

Front 17

Components of Oral Cavity

Back 17

-teeth
-palate
-tongue
-salivary glands

Front 18

teeth

Back 18

20 deciduous (baby)
32 permanent

Front 19

palate

Back 19

roof of the mouth
-hard palate
-soft palate

Front 20

hard palate

Back 20

bony portion of the palate
-formed by horizontal plates of palatine bones (posterior) palatine processes of maxillary bone (anterior).

Front 21

soft palate

Back 21

muscular portion of the palate;
-uvula sits at center.
-membranous soft tissue

Front 22

uvula

Back 22

located at center of the soft palate

Front 23

tongue
structure, location, function

Back 23

structure: muscular
location: floor of oral cavity
function: chew, swallow, talk, taste.

Front 24

salivary glands

Back 24

sublingual
submandibular
parotid

Front 25

sublingual gland

Back 25

-salivary gland located beneath tongue;
-several ducts open superiorly into oral cavity.
-innervated by parasympathetic C.N. VII

Front 26

submandibular gland

Back 26

salivary gland deep to mandible;; opens into oral cavity via submandibular duct

Front 27

parotid gland

Back 27

beneath skin between mandible/sternocleidomastoid; opens into oral cavity opposite 2nd upper molar via parotid duct; innervated by parasympathetic C.N. IX

Front 28

Lesion of C.N. XII

Back 28

protruded tongue will deviate to side of brain where lesion is

Front 29

palatoglossal arch

Back 29

muscular arches extending laterally from soft palate (uvula) to base of tongue.

Front 30

palatopharyngeal arches

Back 30

just posterior to palatoglossal arches.
-extend from soft palate to side of pharynx.

Front 31

fauces

Back 31

entryway /passageway between oral cavity and pharynx formed by palatopharyngeal/glossal arches.


Book:
opening to oropharynx; framed by posterior margin of soft palate, uvula, palatopharyngeal arches, and base of tongue.

Front 32

palatine tonsils

Back 32

located between palatopharyngeal/glossal arches.

Front 33

pharynx

Back 33

located between oral cavity and esophagus;
-nasal portions (above soft palate)
-oral portions (below soft palate)

Front 34

esophagus

Back 34

-begins directly behind trachea
-muscular tube extending from pharynx to stomach; perices diaphragm to enter abdominal cavity.

Front 35

STOMACH

Back 35

shape of an expanded J

Front 36

lesser curvature

Back 36

medial surface of stomach; app. 10 cm

Front 37

greater curvature

Back 37

lateral side of stomach; app. 40 cm

Front 38

cardia

Back 38

-esophagus contacts medial stomach.
-closest to heart, thus cardia.
a sphincter keeps contents down

Front 39

fundus

Back 39

-region of stomach superior to gastroesophageal junction.
-contacts inferior/posterior surface of diaphragm.

Front 40

body

Back 40

"The big part" (Doc Cullinan)
Area between fundus and curve of J.

Front 41

Pylorus

Back 41

curve of the J; terminal portion of stomach and end. Pyloric sphincter divides it from the duodenum.

Front 42

Pyloric sphincter

Back 42

regulates release of chyme from pyloris into duodenum

Front 43

rugae

Back 43

-folds/wrinkles in the lining of the stomach;
-exaggerated plica, increase absorbance area of stomach.
-allow stomach to expand during eating.

Front 44

greater omentum

Back 44

fat-embedded connective tissue that hangs over the entire abdominal intestine from the greater curvature.
like a big fat apron.

Front 45

greater omentum

Back 45

fat-embedded connective tissue that hangs over the entire abdominal intestine from the greater curvature.
like a big fat apron.

Front 46

greater omentum

Back 46

fat-embedded connective tissue that hangs over the entire abdominal intestine from the greater curvature.
like a big fat apron.

Front 47

lesser omentum

Back 47

small pocket of fatty connective tissue extending between the lesser curvature of stomach and liver

Front 48

peritonitis

Back 48

infection of the layer between the visceral and parietal peritoneum

Front 49

diaphragm hiatus

Back 49

entrypoint of esophagus into the abdominal cavity through the diaphragm.

Front 50

small intestine

Back 50

extends from stomach to cecum (15-25')
3 divisions: duodenum, jejunum, ileum.
-Contains circular folds for increased surface area for absorption/secretion.
-Secretes mucus, enzymes for digestion; absorbs nutrients.

Front 51

bolus

Back 51

small oval mass of food :) hahahaha

Front 52

plica circularis

Back 52

series of transverse folds on the mucosa surface that increase its area for absorption. Each plica (the whole mucosa really) has a forest of villi, which in turn have microvilli.

Front 53

Villi

Back 53

projections of the mucosa; also on plica.

Front 54

Duodenum

Back 54

First section of the small intestine

Front 55

Jejunum

Back 55

2nd portion of the small intestine

Front 56

Ileum

Back 56

last portion of the small intestine; ends at iliocecal valve before entry to cecum.

Front 57

duodenal ampulla

Back 57

-muscular chamber where common bile duct and pancreatic duct converge so their contents can enter duodenal lumen;
-opens into luman at duodenal papilla

Front 58

large intestine

Back 58

extends from ileum of small intestine to anus.
3 portions: cecum, colon, rectum.

Front 59

haustra

Back 59

large sacculations of the large intestine; formed by contractions of tenia coli

Front 60

tenia coli

Back 60

longitudinal muscles of the large intestine; help in contraction and constriction.

Front 61

tenia coli

Back 61

longitudinal muscles of the large intestine; help in contraction and constriction.

Front 62

epiploic appendages

Back 62

fat tags
suspended from colon.

Front 63

terminal ilium

Back 63

adjacent to the ilialcecal sphincter, which opens into the cecum.

Front 64

cecum

Back 64

first portion of the large intestine

Front 65

vermiform appendix

Back 65

just off the cecum; inferior; lymphatic function

Front 66

ascending colon

Back 66

portion of large intestine extending from cecum to liver area

Front 67

hepatic flexure

Back 67

aka RIGHT COLIC FLEXURE
-colon turns to the left (of patient)
-Marks the end of the ascending colon, the start of the transverse colon.

Front 68

transverse colon

Back 68

extends from the right colic flexure (hepatic flexure) to the left colic flexure (splenic)

Front 69

descending colon

Back 69

from left colic (splenic) flexure to sigmoid colon.

Front 70

sigmoid colon

Back 70

short distance from distal descending colon's end to the turn into the anus.

Front 71

rectum

Back 71

last portion of the digestive tract and large intestine; contains the anus

Front 72

anus

Back 72

constricted end of dig. tract.
sphincter muscles surround, to elimate contacts. Voluntary.

Front 73

Liver

Back 73

-largest visceral organ;
-right upper quadrant of abdomen;

Front 74

Left Liver Lobe

Back 74

located next to lesser omentum (fatty pocket between liver and stomach)

Front 75

right liver lobe

Back 75

bigger than left

Front 76

coronary ligament

Back 76

Ligament running on top of liver, attaches it to diaphragm

Front 77

falciform ligament

Back 77

-Runs along anterior liver wall; holds it to the wall;
-divides the liver into right/left lobes.

Front 78

Liver lobules

Back 78

-basic functional units of the liver.