Digestive System

Front 1

palate

Back 1

separation between oral cavity and nasal cavity

Front 2

soft palate

Back 2

boneless posterior portion

Front 3

hard palate

Back 3

bone-supported anterior portion

Front 4

uvula

Back 4

v-shaped structure extending the posterior portion of the soft palate, helping direct food into the throat.

Front 5

pharynx

Back 5

(throat) allows for passage of food from mouth to esophagus, through swallowing.

Front 6

esophagus

Back 6

25 cm tube that extends from pharynx to stomach

Front 7

stomach

Back 7

J-shaped organ that mixes and stores food through the secretion of chemicals for digestion

Front 8

cardia

Back 8

opening of esophagus to stomach

Front 9

fundus

Back 9

domed, uppermost portion of the stomach. central portion of the stomach

Front 10

pylorus

Back 10

connection between the stomach and the small intestine

Front 11

antrum

Back 11

portion of the pylorus that connects to the stomach body

Front 12

pyloric sphincter

Back 12

ring of muscle that protects the opening between the duodenum and the stomach

Front 13

small intestines

Back 13

a 20 ft canal extending from the pyloric sphincter and extending to the large intestines.

Front 14

jejunum

Back 14

second portion of the small intestines. about 8 feet.

Front 15

ileum

Back 15

third portion of the small intestine, around 11 feet, which connects to the large intestine

Front 16

large intestine

Back 16

wider canal, 5 foot length, connects the ileum to the anus

Front 17

cecum

Back 17

u-shaped pouch that is the first portion of the large intestine

Front 18

colon

Back 18

next portion of the large intestine, has 4 parts.

Front 19

ascending colon

Back 19

travels upward from the cecum to the underside of the liver.

Front 20

transverse colon

Back 20

passes horizontally from right to left towards the spleen

Front 21

descending colon

Back 21

travels down the left side of the abdominal cavity to the sigmoid colon

Front 22

sigmoid colon

Back 22

continues from the descending colon above and joins the rectum below

Front 23

rectum

Back 23

last division of the large intestines, ends at the anus

Front 24

anus

Back 24

lower opening of the digestive tract. controlled by two anal sphincter muscles.

Front 25

salivary glands

Back 25

produce saliva which flows into the mouth

Front 26

liver

Back 26

secretes bile to break down fat. produces bilirubin through the destruction of hemoglobin. removes excess glucose from the bloodstream to store as glycogen. removes poisons from the blood.

Front 27

bile ducts

Back 27

passageways that carry bile

Front 28

hepatic duct

Back 28

carries bile from the liver

Front 29

cystic duct

Back 29

carries bile from the gallbladder

Front 30

common bile duct

Back 30

carries bile to the duodenum

Front 31

gallbladder

Back 31

pear-shaped sac under the liver that stores and concentrates bile. contracts when bile is needed to force bile out of cystic duct, into common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum.

Front 32

pancreas

Back 32

feather-shaped organ located behind the stomach. produces pancreatic juices to aid in digestion, and secretes insulin for carbohydrate metabolism.

Front 33

peritoneum

Back 33

lining of the abdominal cavities

Front 34

appendix

Back 34

small pouch attached to the secum with no known digestive function.

Front 35

antr/o

Back 35

antrum

Front 36

cec/o

Back 36

cecum

Front 37

cheil/o

Back 37

lip

Front 38

cholangi/o

Back 38

bile duct

Front 39

chol/e

Back 39

gall, bile

Front 40

choledoch/o

Back 40

common bile duct

Front 41

col/o

Back 41

colon

Front 42

diverticul/o

Back 42

diverticulum

Front 43

enter/o

Back 43

intestine, usually small.

Front 44

gastr/o

Back 44

stomach

Front 45

gingiv/o

Back 45

gums

Front 46

gloss/o lingu/o

Back 46

tongue

Front 47

or/o, stomat/o

Back 47

mouth

Front 48

palat/o

Back 48

palate

Front 49

pancreat/o

Back 49

pancreas

Front 50

appendicitis

Back 50

inflammation of the appendix

Front 51

cholangioma

Back 51

bile duct tumor

Front 52

cholecystitis

Back 52

gallbladder inflammation

Front 53

choledocholithiasis

Back 53

stones in the common bile duct

Front 54

diverticulitus

Back 54

inflammation of the diverticulum

Front 55

diverticulosis

Back 55

condition of having diverticula

Front 56

dysphagia

Back 56

difficulty swallowing

Front 57

esophagitis

Back 57

esophageal inflammation

Front 58

gastritis

Back 58

stomach inflammation

Front 59

gastroenteritis

Back 59

stomach and intestine inflammation

Front 60

gingivitis

Back 60

gum inflammation

Front 61

hepatitis

Back 61

liver inflammation

Front 62

hepatoma

Back 62

liver tumor

Front 63

pancreatitis

Back 63

pancreatic inflammation

Front 64

peritonitis

Back 64

inflammation of the peritonium

Front 65

polyposis

Back 65

condition of having multiple polyps

Front 66

sialolith

Back 66

salivary gland stone

Front 67

uvulitis

Back 67

uvula inflammation

Front 68

apthous ulcers

Back 68

(canker sores, stomatitis) recurrent, blister-like sores that break and form lesion on the oral mucous membranes. may be associated with stress, foods or fever.

Front 69

herpes labialis

Back 69

(cold sores, fever blisters) blister-like sores caused by the herpes simplex virus that occur on the lips and nearby tissues.

Front 70

cleft lip

Back 70

congenital defect resulting in a deep fissure of the lip running upward toward the nose.

Front 71

cleft palate

Back 71

congenital fissure of the palate that involes the hard palate and/or soft palate and upper lip

Front 72

bruxism

Back 72

involuntary teeth grinding, usually at night, associated with stress or tension

Front 73

dental caries (tooth decay)

Back 73

infectious disease that destroys the enamel and dentin of the tooth.

Front 74

periodontal disease

Back 74

inflammation of the tissue that surround and support teeth.

Front 75

plaque

Back 75

bacteria containing soft deposits that build up on the teeth and can lead to dental caries or periodontal disease.

Front 76

gingivitis

Back 76

gum inflammation. the earliest stage of periodontal disease.

Front 77

halitosis

Back 77

bad breath caused by dental disease or gastrointestinal disease

Front 78

temporomandibular disorders (TMJ, TMD)

Back 78

a group of complex systems including pain, headache or difficulty chewing relating to malfunction of the temporomandibular joint.

Front 79

gastroesophogeal reflux disease

Back 79

upward flow of stomach acid into the esophagus

Front 80

esophogeal varicies

Back 80

enlarged and swollen veins at the distal end of the esophagus. severe bleeding can occur if these rupture.

Front 81

hiatal hernia

Back 81

protrusion of part of the stomach through the esophogeal sphincter in the diaphragm.

Front 82

gastritis

Back 82

inflammation of the stomach

Front 83

gastroenteritis

Back 83

inflammation of the stomach and intestines.

Front 84

duodenal ulcer

Back 84

peptic ulcers that occur in the upper part of the small intestine.

Front 85

gastric ulcer

Back 85

peptic ulcers that occur in the stomach.

Front 86

perforating ulcer

Back 86

erosion through the entire thickness of the organ wall

Front 87

dyspepsia

Back 87

indigestion. impairment of digestion

Front 88

emesis

Back 88

vomiting. expulsion of stomach contents through the mouth

Front 89

hematesis

Back 89

vomiting blood

Front 90

hyperemesis

Back 90

excessive vomitting

Front 91

nausea

Back 91

sensation of having the need to vomit

Front 92

regurgitation

Back 92

the return of swallowed food into the mouth

Front 93

colorectal cancer

Back 93

common form of GI cancer that typically manifests as polyps in the colon

Front 94

polyp

Back 94

tumor-like extension of the mucous membrane that is typically benign

Front 95

adhesion

Back 95

growing together of two surfaces that are normally separated

Front 96

ileus

Back 96

obstruction of the intestine caused by peristalsis

Front 97

intussusception

Back 97

telescoping of one part of the intestine into the immediately adjacent body structure.

Front 98

IBS

Back 98

disorder of the motility of the entire GI tract

Front 99

Crohn Disease

Back 99

chronic autoimmune disorder involving the GI tract most commonly involving thickening of the walls of the ileum, colon, or both.

Front 100

ulcerative colitis

Back 100

inflammation of the colon with formation of ulcers.

Front 101

volvulus

Back 101

twisting of the intestine on itself causing obstruction.

Front 102

bowel incontinence

Back 102

inability to control the excretion of bowel contents.

Front 103

constipation

Back 103

decreased frequency of the passage of stool, or difficulty passing hard, dry stools.

Front 104

diarrhea

Back 104

abnormal frequency of loose, water stools which can result in dehydration.

Front 105

hemorrhoids

Back 105

enlarged veins in or near the rectum that can cause bleeding or pain.

Front 106

melena

Back 106

the passage of black stools containing digested blood

Front 107

cirrhosis

Back 107

progressive degenerative disease of the liver resulting in hepatic failure

Front 108

hepatomegaly

Back 108

enlargement of the liver

Front 109

jaundice

Back 109

yellow discoloration of the skin, caused by greater than normal amounts of bilirubin in the blood

Front 110

hepatitis

Back 110

inflammation of the liver usually caused by a virus or toxic substances.

Front 111

anorexia

Back 111

lack or loss of apetite

Front 112

anorexia nervosa

Back 112

disorder characterized by a prolonged refusal to eat with resulting emaciation from an abnormal fear of becoming heavy

Front 113

bulimia nervosa

Back 113

disorder characterized by binging and purging

Front 114

dehydration

Back 114

fluid depletion.

Front 115

malnutrition

Back 115

lack of proper food or nutrients in the body

Front 116

pica

Back 116

eating disorder in which there is a consistent eating of non-nutritional substances, such as clay. associated with pregnancy

Front 117

obesity

Back 117

excess accumulation of fat in the body.

Front 118

acid blockers

Back 118

block the effect of histamine, which signals the stomach to produce acid

Front 119

antiemetic

Back 119

prevents or relieves nausea/vomiting

Front 120

emetic

Back 120

produces vomiting

Front 121

laxatives

Back 121

produce bowel movements

Front 122

oral rehydration therapy

Back 122

a solution of electrolytes is given to counteract dehydration.