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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Digestive System
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Composed of the alimentary canal and accessory structures. Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine or colon and anus.
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Small intestine
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Made up of duodenum, jejunum and ileum.
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Gastrointestinal tract
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Stomach and intestines, a long, muscular tube lined with smooth muscles.
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Peristalsis
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Rhythmic contractions that propel food toward the colon and anus.
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Organ: Mouth
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Mechanical Digestion: Teeth grind food as the tongue helps mix food with saliva.
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Chemical Digestion: Saliva moistens the food as salivary amylase breaks down starches.
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Organ: Epiglottis
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Mechanical Digestion: This structure prevents food from entering the larynx as the food is swallowed. The food can enter only the esophagus.
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Chemical Digestion: None.
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Organ: Esophagus
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Mechanical Digestion: Muscles in the esophagus push food into the stomach via the process of peristalsis.
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Chemical Digestion: None.
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Organ: Stomach
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Mechanical Digestion: Churning helps break down food and mix it with gastric juices to form chyme.
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Chemical Digestion: Hydrochloric acid breaks down the food and kills bacteria. Pepsin breaks down proteins.
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Organ: Small Intestine
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Mechanical Digestion: Villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the small intestine and greatly increase the level of absorption of nutrients.
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Chemical Digestion: Pancreatic juice containing amylase, protease, and lipase is secreted from the pancreas. Bile, produced by the liver and stored in the gallbladder is released to emulsify fats and oils. Intestinal secretions also help continue the breakdown of fats, carbohydrates and proteins.
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Organ: Large intestine
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Mechanical Digestion: Water is reabsorbed along with vitamins.
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Chemical Digestion: None.
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Organ: Rectum
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Mechanical Digestion: Stores fecal matter before being defecated via the anus.
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Chemical Digestion: None.
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