Digestive System

Front 1

6 food processing activities of digestion

Back 1

1) Ingestion
2) Propulsion
3) Mechanical Digestion
4) Chemical Digestion
5) Absorption
6) Defication

Front 2

alimentary canal

Back 2

AKA GI Tract
muscular digestive tube that winds through the body

Front 3

Digestive System is also called

Back 3

GI Tract
Gut
Digestive Tract

Front 4

Ingestion

Back 4

taking food into the mouth

Front 5

Propulsion

Back 5

movement of food through the alimentary canal

Front 6

Mechanical Digestion

Back 6

includes chewing and churning, segmentation
prepares food for chemical digestion

Front 7

Chemical Digestion

Back 7

complex food molecules are broken down into their chemical building blocks

Front 8

absorption

Back 8

transport of digested end products from lumen into the blood

Front 9

defecation

Back 9

elimination of indigestible substance from the body as feces

Front 10

Function of Digestive System

Back 10

process food in a way that high energy molecules can be absorbed and residues eliminated

Front 11

Digestive Tract

Back 11

is tubular and made up of 4 layers

Front 12

4 layers of the digestive tract

Back 12

mucosa
submucosa
muscularis externa
serosa AKA visceral peritoneum

Front 13

Mucosa

Back 13

Inner lining of the digestive tract that consists of epithelium, moistened by glandular secretions, and a lamina propria of areolar tissue.

Front 14

Type of Epithelia in the Mucosa Layer

Back 14

Simple Columnar epithelia with Goblet Cells

**can be stratified squamous if protection is needed like in the mouth and esophagus

Front 15

Submucosa

Back 15

Layer of dense irregular connective tissue. Has large blood vessels and lymphatic vessels, and ANS neurons to assist the mucosa to the inside.

Front 16

Mucosa has 3 layers

Back 16

1) epithelium
2) muscularis mucosae
3) Lamina propia

Front 17

lamina propia

Back 17

connective tissue deep to the epithelium

Front 18

muscularis mucosae

Back 18

produces folds in the small intestine
local movement in the stomach

Front 19

plicae

Back 19

circular folds that increase surface space
force the chyme to spiral through the intestinal lumen

Front 20

rugae

Back 20

longitudinal folds of mucosa which flatten as the stomach fills and accommodates the increasing volume of food in the stomach

Front 21

muscularis externa

Back 21

Surrounds the submucosa with visceral muscle. Responsible for movement of food through the system by peristalsis.
Controlled by the myentric plexus
2 layers of muscle, smooth

Front 22

serosa

Back 22

AKA Visceral Peritoneum
Serous membrane that covers the muscularis Layer. Fibrous sheath is called the Adventitia. Continuous with the peritoneum

Front 23

peristalsis

Back 23

involves alternate waves of contractions and relaxation of musculature in the organ walls

Front 24

segmentation

Back 24

churning and sloshing movements

Front 25

Peritoneum

Back 25

Modification of the Serosa; on the stomach and small intestines.
generic serous membrane in the abdominal cavity

Front 26

mesentry

Back 26

Extension of the peritoneum. Surrounds digestive organs and is double sheeted. Connects parietal to visceral peritoneum. Attaches to the posterior abdominal wall.

Front 27

greater omentum

Back 27

"fatty apron" hangs anteriorly from the stomach, double layer encloses fat

enfolds the stomach

Front 28

lesser omentum

Back 28

between the stomach and liver

Front 29

Parietal vs visceral peritoneum

Back 29

retroperitoneal vs interperitonel

Front 30

retroperitoneal

Back 30

external or posterior to the peritoneum

Front 31

interperitoneal

Back 31

internal or anterior to the peritoneum

Front 32

mesentery proper

Back 32

suspends and wraps the small intestine

Front 33

mesocolon

Back 33

suspends and wraps the colon made up of 2 parts:
1) transverse mesocolon
2) sigmoid mesecolon

Front 34

oral cavity

Back 34

AKA the Mouth or Buccal Cavity
mucous lined cavity whose boundaries are the lips anteriorly, the cheeks laterally, palate superiorly and the tongue inferiorly

Front 35

bolus

Back 35

food mixed with saliva and formed into a compact mass

Front 36

tongue

Back 36

skeletal muscle
occupies the floor of the mouth and mixes food with saliva

Front 37

linguinal frenulum

Back 37

secures the tongue to the floor of the mouth

Front 38

labial frenulum

Back 38

connects the gums to the lips

Front 39

salivary glands

Back 39

Exocrine Glands;Three pairs; secrete saliva(mixture of glandular secretions). start the process of digestion.

Front 40

three types of salivary glands

Back 40

Partoid
Sublingual
Submandibular

Front 41

teeth

Back 41

lie in sockets called Alveoli in the gum covered margins of mandible and maxilla

Front 42

enamel

Back 42

outer surface

Front 43

dentin

Back 43

inner mineral matrix, noncellular

Front 44

pulp cavity

Back 44

hollow inside, blood vessels and nerves

Front 45

root canal

Back 45

canal length of root

Front 46

apical foramen

Back 46

opening into tip of root

Front 47

crown

Back 47

exposes surface of teeth

Front 48

neck

Back 48

boundary between root and crown

Front 49

gingival sulcus

Back 49

where gum and tooth meet

Front 50

incisors

Back 50

front cutting teeth

Front 51

cuspids

Back 51

conical, tearing teeth

Front 52

bicuspids

Back 52

2 roots, crushing, grinding teeth

Front 53

molars

Back 53

3 or more roots, crushing and grinding teeth

Front 54

mastication

Back 54

chewing

Front 55

dental succession

Back 55

baby (milk) teeth: deciduous 20 teeth
permanent teeth: 32

Front 56

Pharynx

Back 56

composed of oropharynx and larynopharynx
both are passageways for food, fluids & inhaled airs

Front 57

swallowing process

Back 57

- buccal phase: compresses bolus against hard palate, elevates soft palate and tongue retracts
- pharyngeal phase: bolus enters esophagus
- esophageal phase: peristalsis begins

Front 58

esophagus

Back 58

lined with non-cornified stratified simple squamous epithelia

muscular tube that propels swallowed food to the stomach

Front 59

stomach

Back 59

J Shaped widest part of the alimentary canal, food is turned into chyme

Front 60

regions of the stomach

Back 60

lesser curvature
greater curvature
cardia
fundus
body
pylorus
pyloric sphincter

Front 61

lesser curvature

Back 61

medial surface, concave right margin

Front 62

greater curvature

Back 62

lateral surface, convex left surface

Front 63

cardia

Back 63

end under the heart
ring shaped zone at J Junction with the esophagus

Front 64

fundus

Back 64

bulge above the esophageal opening, stomach domes

Front 65

body

Back 65

largest region of the stomach
Functions as a mixing tank for ingested food and secretions produced in the stomach

Front 66

pylorus

Back 66

Forms the sharp curve of the J. divided into two; pyloric antrum(connection to body) and the pyloric canal(empties into the duodenum).

Front 67

pyloric sphincter

Back 67

Controls the emptying of the stomach.

Front 68

gastric pit

Back 68

shallow pits, external half rapidly reproduce for replacement

Front 69

gastric glands

Back 69

deep in the lamina propia
3 types of cells:
parietal cells
chief cells
enterendocrine cells

Front 70

parietal cells

Back 70

produce HCL

Front 71

chief cells

Back 71

produce pesinogen

Front 72

enterendocrine cells

Back 72

several hormones including Gastrin are secreted

hormone secreting cells