Digestive Focus

Front 1

Primary Organs

Back 1

mouth stomach
pharynx esophagus
small and large intestine

Front 2

accessory organs

Back 2

teeth liver
salivary glands gallbladder
tongue
pancreas

Front 3

3 salivary glands

Back 3

partoid, sub-mandibular, and sublingual

Front 4

digestion of fats begin where

Back 4

Liver makes bile, gallbladder holds bile until it is needed to break down fats.

Front 5

Panccreas does what?

Back 5

produces pancreatic juice that breaks down proteins carbs and fats.

Front 6

Thrush ~~ candida albicans

Back 6

teach pt to use soft bristled toothbrush, use meticulous handwashing, eat soft/pureed foods. Avoid hot, cold, spicy, fried, or citrus foods.Meds given are Nystatin, or ketoconazole.

Front 7

Oral cancers

Back 7

Leukoplakia : white firmly attached patch on mouth or tongue, it is benign but should get checked if lasts longer than 2-3 weeks.

Front 8

Dysphagia

Back 8

difficulty swallowing b/c of trauma, infection, inflamation,or blockage of the posterior cavity, pharynx or esophagus.

Front 9

Dysphasia

Back 9

imairment of speech and verbal comprehension, expecially when associated w/ brain injury.

Front 10

esophagus cancer

Back 10

diagnosed at late stages, no known cause, S/S progressive dysphagia, painful swallowing, wt. loss, NG tube after surgery, high protein and calorie diet.

Front 11

Chyme

Back 11

Formed when the muscles of the stomach contract and help mix the food. Gastric juices break down protein, a thick mucous is made.

Front 12

Small intesine (what is the passage order)

Back 12

duodenum, jejunum and ileum.

Front 13

What does the illeocecal valve do?

Back 13

allows passage from small to large intestine.

Front 14

Functions of the large intestine?

Back 14

absorbing water & remaining nurtients,formes feces and expells feces.

Front 15

Celiac disease

Back 15

Hallmark signs: foul smelling frothy stools containing fat (streatorrhea).Foods that must be restricted are ones that contain wheat, oats, rye and barley.

Front 16

Celiac disease (untreated)

Back 16

the child will have poor growth, osteoporosis, osteomalacia, anema, & poor blood clotting.

Front 17

Chrones disease

Back 17

food restriction are broccoli, cauliflower, asparagus, cabbage, brussell sprouts, ^ fat foods, cafeine.

Front 18

Chrones what do you eat

Back 18

Eat elemental diet b/c there is less to break downand has little stool bulk.

Front 19

Paralytic Ileus

Back 19

absence of bowel sounds. insert NG tube, keep pt. NPO & increase activity to increase peristalis.

Front 20

Salmonallea Infection

Back 20

S/S gastroenteritis, fever, & diarrhea. Meds are ampicillin, amoxicillin, ciprofloxacin.

Front 21

cleft lip and palate

Back 21

Lip does not join together under nose. Palate : the top of the mouth does not join.

Front 22

appendicitis

Back 22

is the inflamation of the appendix. S/S ^ temp WBC's over 10,000, pain @ McBurney's point.

Front 23

Tx. For Appendicitis

Back 23

Surgical removal, IV's and antibiotics, ice pack to the abdomen.

Front 24

peritonitis

Back 24

inflammation or infection of the inside of the abdominal caivty.inflammation of the perineum, it is caused when fecal matter leaves the bowel and enters the sterile cavity.

Front 25

Diverticulitis

Back 25

colon weakness and allows the inner layersto herniate through causing pouches along the outside of the colon to be filled w/ fecal materialthat then causes inflammation and abscesses.

Front 26

hemorrhoids

Back 26

Diet: bulk forming foods such as fresh fruit, veggies, & bran cereals 8-10 glasses of fluid a day, moderate excercise.

Front 27

colon tumor

Back 27

S/S rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, nausea, cachexia (weakness & emaciation associated w/ general illness.

Front 28

paralytic ileus (nursing care)

Back 28

decompression of the bowelwith an NG tube, NPO, icreased activity. *necrosis of stoma will appear pale and dusky to black.

Front 29

Anal Fistula

Back 29

a Linear ulceration or laceration of the skin of the anus, abnormal opening on the cutaneous surface near the anus. *common in crohn's disease*

Front 30

Esophageal Atresia

Back 30

The esophagus fails to form normally, ends in a blind pouch, a gastrostomy is created. Infant sucks on pacifier to retain sucking reflex.

Front 31

Pyloric Stenosis

Back 31

narrowing or stricture of the pylorus. Projectile vomiting after feeding.

Front 32

Cirrhosis of the liver

Back 32

results in portal hypertension, or increased pressure in the veins that drain the GI tract. GI organs and spleen become congested, cant function properly.

Front 33

What can the sick liver NOT absorb?

Back 33

Vit. K

Front 34

Esophageal varices

Back 34

Tortuous, distended vessels of the esophagus, may rupture & bleed.

Front 35

S/S of Esophageal varices

Back 35

Hematemisis, hemorrhage from Gi, black tarry stools, pain and shock.

Front 36

Tx. of Esophageal varices

Back 36

Blood transfusion, Iced saline lavage, meds vasopressin, antibiotics, analgesics, Surgeries.

Front 37

Hepatitis A

Back 37

inflammation of the liver from a virus or exposure to toxic substances.

Front 38

Hepatitis A S/S

Back 38

diarrhea, pruritis, nausea, constipation, wt. loss, liver tenderness, aching muscles, enlarged lymph nodes & jaundice.

Front 39

Cholelithiasis

Back 39

Has to do w/ gallstones. they are not a problem if they remain small.

Front 40

Cholecystectomy

Back 40

Removal of the GB. Pt. will have a JP drain to prevent fluid build up under the diaphragm.

Front 41

Hepatic Encephalopathy

Back 41

Type of brain damage caused by liver disease & consequent ammonia intoxixation. Result of a damaged liver being unable to metabolize substances that can be toxic to the brain such as ammonia.

Front 42

Hepatic Encephalopathy (diet)

Back 42

Very low protein to no protein diet. Allowed foods: toast, cereal, rice, tea, fruit juice, and hard candies.

Front 43

Hepatic Encephalopathy (medications)

Back 43

Lactulose or Neomycin.

Front 44

GERD

Back 44

Backward flow of stomach contents up into the esophagus. Most have delayed gastric emptying.

Front 45

GERD (S/S)

Back 45

heartburn, pain may involve the neck,jaw, or back, dysphagia, regurgitation w/out nausea.

Front 46

GERD (Tests & medical management)

Back 46

Barium swallow, endoscopy, 24-hour ph monitoring.
Avoid smoking, wt.loss (if needed) antacids, proton pump inhibitors, give prilosec, prevacid or reglan.

Front 47

Azulfadine (Sulfaxalizine)

Back 47

Decreaseinflammation in GI tract, give w/ food & large amounts of water, avoid exposure to sunlight, Tx. ulcerative colitis, chrohn's disease.

Front 48

NSAIDS

Back 48

Anti-inflammatory & pain medications.

Front 49

Lomotil

Back 49

Antidiarrheal, decreased GI motility w/ subsequent decrease in diarrhea. Tx. Ulcerative colitis

Front 50

Carafate (Sucralfate)

Back 50

Forms protective coating over ulcer, seperate administration of this med from other meds by two hours.

Front 51

Oral Cancer (early Stages)

Back 51

difficulty chewing, swallowing, speaking, numbness or swelling in mouth, constant pain in ear, face, or tooth.

Front 52

GERD

Back 52

Cardiac sphincter is too relaxed & allows food and gastric acid to splash into the lower esophagus.

Front 53

Diet for Diverticulitis

Back 53

Low residue

Front 54

Pernicious Anemia (S/S)

Back 54

S/S extreme weakness, dyspnea, fever, hypoxia, wt. loss, jaundice, contipation and diarrhea.

Front 55

Pernicious Anemia (Diet)

Back 55

diet ^ in protein, vitamins and minerals.