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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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chemical action of digestion |
reduce food to absorbable molecules by using enzymes |
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mechanical action of digestion |
break up & mix foods to help blend with chemicals by chewing & peristalsis |
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what enzyme do we have in our mouth that helps breaks down carbohydrate (macronutrients)? |
salivary amylase |
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what 3 senses do we use that influences our food choices? |
sight, smell, taste |
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oral cavity is the "_____ ___ _____" where taste buds are located
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port of entry |
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how many cells do taste buds consist of? |
30-100 cells |
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how often do the cells on the tongue get replaced? |
3-10 days |
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what can affect cells on our tongue? |
-disease -drugs/medication -nutritional status -radiation (chemotherapy) -age |
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mechanical digestion begins with chewing food to make into small pieces. why is this important? |
more surface area for digestive enzymes to fn |
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how does saliva help during mechanical digestion? |
mucus make food stick together into a bolus & lubricates for swallowing |
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salivary amylase fn in chemical digestion |
allow large molecules of carbohydrates to be hydrolyzed into shorter chains -can be fermentable by plaque acids |
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is there any digestion that occurs in the esophagus? |
no |
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is it voluntary or involuntary control moving the bolus in the esophagus? |
start voluntary then becomes involuntary |
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what do chief cells in the stomach produce? |
pepsinogen |
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what do the parietal cells in the stomach release? |
HCI to make gastric acid |
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what is the pH of the acids created in the stomach? |
1.5-3 |
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what can the stomach absorb? |
-calcium -iron -zinc -B12 |
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pepsinogen and HCL work together to begin... |
hydrolysis of protein |
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gastric lipase can digest... |
short & medium chains of fatty acids |
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how long does it take for the stomach to empty |
1-4 hr (depends on amount/types of food eaten) |
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why are microvilli in the small intestine important? |
more surface area to absorb more nutrients |
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acidic chyme from stomach stimulus the release of... |
pancreatic enzymes |
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what does the liver produce? |
bile |
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where is bile stored? |
gallbladder |
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fn of bile |
aids in breaking down fats |
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what enzymes are found in the small intestine? |
-pancreatic amylase (carbs) - Lactase, sucrase, maltase -trypsin (protein) -chymotrypsin (protein) -carboxypeptidase (protein) -Aminopeptidase (protein) - dipeptidase (protein) -lipase (fats) |
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how long does it take for transport/absorption of nutrients in small intestine? |
3-10 hrs |
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pump from small intestine requires energy from... |
absorption of glucose, Na, K, Mg, P,I, Ca,Fe, and amino acids |
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Pinocytosis allow absorption of |
whole proteins
ex: immunoglobulins in break milk |
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what is the passive way of absorption in the small intestine? |
diffusion |
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what takes longer to digest to make us full longer? |
proteins & fats (not crabs!) |
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what nutrients get absorbed in the duodenum? |
electrolytes & minerals (Fe, Ca Mg, Zn) |
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what nutrients get absorbed in the jejunum? |
water soluble vitamins ex: C, thiamine, riboflavin, B6, folic acid |
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what nutrients get absorbed in the ileum? |
-protein -fat soluble vitamins -fat & cholesterol -vitamin B12 |
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what is absorbed in the cecum of the large intestine? |
water & electrolytes (Na & K) |
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the colon has Intestinalflora which is... |
bacteria occurring naturally in intestine -prevent constipation -protect from colon cancer -prevent yeast infections |
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scar tissue can develop in the __________ due to vomiting |
esophagus |
