Digestive 4

Front 1

the ____ is the factory of the body and bile is made here and it is also a place for storage of important vitamins. It also causes jaundice when there's a __ concentration of bilirubin.

Back 1

liver
high

Front 2

the largest internal organ is the __. It is very dense.

Back 2

liver

Front 3

the liver is __ to the diaphragm and mostly in the __ but some in the __. It is/is not generally palpable and it is protected by the ribs. It is bound to other structures and immobile therefore more susceptible to injury.

Back 3

inferior
RUQ
LUQ
is not

Front 4

there are 2 surfaces on the liver. The ___ surface is the smooth, superior surface.

Back 4

diaphragmatic

Front 5

the diaphragmatic surface comes into contact with the __ surface of the diaphragm. It is covered with visceral peritoneum except ____ where it is bare

Back 5

inferior
posteriorly

Front 6

an infection could pool in the __ on the liver

Back 6

subphrenic recess

Front 7

the ___ surface is the inferior surface that touches other organs. The gallbladder is always ___

Back 7

visceral
anterior

Front 8

the porta hepatis is the ___ to the liver

Back 8

doorway

Front 9

the portal triad=common bile duct+____+hepatic portal vein. It goes thru the porta hepatis

Back 9

hepatic artery

Front 10

DAV (superficial-->deep)

Back 10

Duct-->Artery-->Vein

Front 11

the liver has two major lobes the right and left. The right is the __ lobe and contains the quadrate lobe which is anterior and next to ___ and the caudate lobe which is posterior and near ___. The left lobe contains the falciform ligament.

Back 11

largest
gallbladder (GQ)
IVC

Front 12

the falciform ligament attaches the liver to the diaphragm and anterior body wall. It reduces __

Back 12

mobility

Front 13

there are two blood sources to liver the ___ and ____

Back 13

hepatic portal system
hepatic artery

Front 14

the hepatic portal system is formed by the ___ and __

Back 14

superior mesenteric and splenic vein

Front 15

the hepatic portal vein (system) supplies __ of the blood entering the liver. It is __ oxygen and ___ nutrient blood. Carries absorbed nutrients from the GI tract to liver which takes up and stores and distributes nutrients and vitamins.

Back 15

70%
low
high

Front 16

the hepatic arteries are a branch from ___ off aorta. Supply __ of the blood entering the liver. It is ___ oxygen and ___ nutrient blood.

Back 16

celiac trunk
30%
high
low (when compared to hepatic portal)

Front 17

the right and left hepatic veins are __ veins they take blood from liver and return it to IVC.

Back 17

systemic

Front 18

hepatic portal vein and arteries arborize into __ which has very porous vessels allowing for rapid exchange of material

Back 18

sinusoids

Front 19

the hepatic veins have low O2 and are hard to see and the hepatic portal veins have low ___ and high __

Back 19

O2
nutrients
check other card to verify

Front 20

the blood in the IVC comes from the ____ and the hepatic veins return the blood back to systemic circulation

Back 20

common iliac

Front 21

Why is the liver a common site for metastasis of cancer in the GI tract?

Back 21

everything travels through the liver
venous transfer

Front 22

the hepatic portal blood flow varies with activity and increase after __ and decrease during __

Back 22

eating
sleeping

Front 23

hepatic portal vein pressure is normally

Back 23

low

Front 24

increased resistance can cause an increase in ____ -->portal hypertension

Back 24

blood flow

Front 25

portal hypertension most common complication of chronic __ disease

Back 25

liver

Front 26

the gallbladder is a pear shaped sac attached to ___ surface of liver in gallbladder fossa

Back 26

visceral

Front 27

the body of the gallbladder is the bulk of it and it comes in contact with superior part of ___. The fundus is located at tip of the right __ costal cartilage.

Back 27

duodenum
9th

Front 28

the fundus is dome shaped at the anteroinferior margin of liver and palpable if ___. The neck tapers into the ___ duct

Back 28

pathological
cystic

Front 29

the gallbladder stores and concentrates __ that is secreted by liver until needed in the small intestine. Does NOT produce ___.

Back 29

bile
bile

Front 30

Gallstones are from hardening of bile stops bile flow and causes ___. Risk factors are obesity, high ___ and females. If persistent you can have it removed-->

Back 30

bile
cholestorol
cholecystectomy

Front 31

Bile duct system
Bile forms in liver-->R and L hepatic ducts-->___-->cystic duct-->common ___ duct which is joined by main pancreatic duct at HPA in head of pancreas-->bile and pancreatic juice dumped into

Back 31

common hepatic duct
bile
duodenum

Front 32

Common bile duct is ____. Has bile from liver and ___. Final place where you have bile.

Back 32

longest
gallbladder

Front 33

the sphincter of oddi is a smooth muscle that surrounds ___. It is controlled by ___ and ___. It opens when food enters ___. If closed bile backs up in biliary ducts and enters ___ for storage and concentration.

Back 33

HPA
enteric nervous system and gut hormones
duodenum
gallbladder

Front 34

the pancreas is a digestive system organ and a __ organ

Back 34

endocrine

Front 35

the pancreas has endocrine functiosn: islets of langerhans and about __ of cells secrete insulin and ___ hormones directly into blood.

Back 35

1%
glucagon

Front 36

the exocrine function of the pancreas: acinar cells, 99% of cells secrete __ into duodenum.

Back 36

pancreatic juice

Front 37

the pancreas looks glandular and is very __ therefore not ___. It is posterior to stomach on body wall but superior to __ and in both RUQ and LUQ.

Back 37

deep
palpable
transverse colon

Front 38

the head of the pancreas is more on the ___ side and has anatomical romance with ___. the neck is posterior to the ___ and is a landmark for finding ____.

Back 38

right
duodenum
pylorus
hepatic portal vein

Front 39

the body of the pancreas is to the __ anterior to the __ and ___. The splenic a runs along the ___ edge and the splenic vein imbedded in its post. surface

Back 39

left
aorta
L kidney
superior

Front 40

the tail of pancreas terminates at the __

Back 40

spleen

Front 41

the greater sac of the peritoneal cavity is the ___ of the peritoneal cavity. The lesser sac is posterior the the __ and lesser omentum. When a patient is supine this is the most ___ region in abdomen. Are not sealed off spaces

Back 41

majority
stomach
inferior

Front 42

the epiploic foramen is the only communication between the ___ and ___.

Back 42

greater and lesser sacs

Front 43

a ___ is a fused double layer of peritoneum that sandwiches blood vessels, lymphatics, __ and nerves

Back 43

mesentery
fat

Front 44

the dorsal mesentery anchors organs to the __ body wall but allows some __ of the organ. The falciform ligament is a ___ mesentery therefore anchors to anterior wall.

Back 44

posterior
mobility
ventral

Front 45

the mesentary proper is the mesentery of the jejunum and ___. The transverse mesocolon is near ____

Back 45

ileum
transverse colon

Front 46

blood vessels, lymphatics, fat and nerves are trapped between the two __ layers in a mesentary

Back 46

peritoneal

Front 47

A mesentary anchors to posterior body wall and peritoneum does the same thing but it connects __ to __

Back 47

organ
organ

Front 48

the greater omentum is __ fused layers of peritoneum. It is a fatty apron from greater curvature of stomach to inferior surface of ___

Back 48

4
transverse colon

Front 49

the lesser omentum has _ layers and connects the inferior surface of the liver to the lesser curvature of the __ and proximal __

Back 49

2
stomach
duodenum

Front 50

the lesser omentum forms a partition between the ___ and __. The epiploic foramen lies posterior to the free margin of this.

Back 50

lesser and greater sacs

Front 51

lesser omentum attaches to ___ and greater attaches to __

Back 51

lesser curvature
greater curvature

Front 52

the intraperitoneal organs are covered by ___ peritoneum over most of their surface. They usually exhibit at least some ___ in abdominal cavity. These include, stomach, liver and gallbladder, jejunum, ____, ___ colon, ___ colon and ___.

Back 52

Does it have a mesentary then yes
visceral
mobility
ileum
transverse
sigmoid
proximal rectum

Front 53

retroperitoneal organs are behind the ___ and do NOT have any sort of mesentery. These include adrenal glands, kidneys, ureteres, ___, gonads, abdominal ___ and IVC

Back 53

peritoneum
bladder
aorta

Front 54

secondarily retroperitoneal organs HAD a ____ during embryological development but lost it and fused to posterior wall by ___.

Back 54

mesentery
birth

Front 55

the secondarily retroperitoneal do NOT have mesentary and are most of duodenum, ___, ascending ___ and descending ____

Back 55

pancreas
colon
colon