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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrient
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substance in food that provides the raw materials and energy the body needs to carry out all the essential life processes.
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Carbohydrate
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nutrient composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen that is a major source of energy and provides the raw materials to make parts of cells.
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Protein
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nutrient that contains nitrogen as well as carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen; they are needed for tissue growth and repair and play a part in chemical reactions with cells.
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Amino acids
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small units that are linked together chemically to form large protein molecules.
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Fat
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high-energy nutrient that is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and contains more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates.
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Lipid
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fat;high-energy nutrient that is composed of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen and contains more than twice as much energy as an equal amount of carbohydrates.
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Monosaccharide
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one ring of sugar; simple sugar
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Disaccharide
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two rings of sugar; complex sugar
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Polysaccaride
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ten rings of sugar; starch
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Bolus
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the ball in which food goes down the throat (created by saliva)
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Enzyme
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a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body, and assists in chemical digestion.
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Peristalsis
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involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system.
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Amylase
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enzymes in the mouth and saliva that begin to break down food.
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Catalase
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an enzyme that causes the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen.
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Pepsin
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an enzyme made in the stomach that breaks down proteins.
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Bile
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a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles.
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Absorption
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the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood.
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Mechanical Digestion
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the physical breaking down of foods by force
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Chemical Digestion
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enzymes eating away at bonds connecting molecules in food in order to break food down.
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Villi
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tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed.
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Rectum
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a short tube at the end of the large intestine where waste material is compressed into a solid form before being eliminated.
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Anus
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a muscular opening at the end of the rectum through which digestive waste material is eliminated from the body.
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