Digestion Bio Term 3

Front 1

Define Ingestion

Back 1

The consumption of a substance by an organism e.g. drinking through the mouth

Front 2

Define absorption

Back 2

The process of absorbing or assimilating substances into cells or across the tissues and organs through diffusion or osmosis, as in absorption of nutrients by the digestive system, or absorption of drugs into the bloodstream

Front 3

Define assimilation

Back 3

Combination of two processes to supply cells with nutrients. The first is the process of absorbing vitamins, minerals, and other chemicals from food within the gastrointestinal tract.

Front 4

Define egestion

Back 4

The discharge or expulsion of undigested material (food) from a cell in case of unicellular organisms, and from the digestive tract via the anus in case of multicellular organisms.

Front 5

2. Explain the process of peristalsis

Back 5

Series of wave-like muscle contractions that moves food to different processing stations in the digestive tract. The process of peristalsis begins in the oesophagus when a bolus of food is swallowed

Front 6

3. List the sequence of parts of the digestive tract that food passes through.

Back 6

Mouth and salivary glands

Oesophagus

Stomach

Small intestine

Large intestine

Front 7

two functions of saliva

Back 7

-Moisten food, creating food bolus, easily swallowed

-Contain the enzyme amylase which breaks down starches into maltose and dextrin5.

Front 8

two functions of the stomach acid

Back 8

Prevents amylase from working

Carbohydrate digestion stops

Front 9

7. Describei) a physical effect of bile

Back 9

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Front 10

Describe A chemical effect of bile.

Back 10

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Front 11

8. What is chyme?

Back 11

The semifluid mass of partly digested food that is expelled by the stomach, through the pyloric valve, into the duodenum (the beginning of the small intestine).

Front 12

Learn

Back 12

Front 13

10. Where does food get absorbed?

Back 13

Large intestine absorbs food molecule and water then transported into bloodstream

Front 14

11. Describe the features (at least 3) of the intestine wall which make absorption efficient

Back 14

- 20 feet long, therefore high SA, more nutrient absorbed

- Peristalsis slows down movement of chyme to allow more time for absorption

- Microvilli increase the SA of small intestine

Front 15

12. To where does the hepatic portal vein take food, and what happens to it there?

Back 15

Moves blood from the spleen and gastrointestinal tract to the liver.

Front 16

13. Explain the function of the lacteal inside each villus.

Back 16

Absorbs dietary fats in the villi of the small intestine.

Front 17

14. What is the main function of the large intestine?

Back 17

Absorb water from indigestible food matter and transit useless waste from body

Front 18

15. Explain the cause of the following digestive disordersa) Constipation

Back 18

Bowel movement occur less often than usual or consist of hard dry stools that are painful

Front 19

15. Explain the cause of the following digestive disorders

Gastric reflux

Back 19

Acid in the stomach rises up into the oesophagus. This occurs because the valve separating the contents of the stomach from the oesophagus does not function properly.

Front 20

15. Explain the cause of the following digestive disorders

c) Gastric ulcers

Back 20

An open sore usually found in the stomach, oesophagus or upper small intestine

Front 21

What is the epiglottis?

Back 21

-The thin elastic cartilaginous structure located at the root of the tongue that folds over the glottis to prevent food and liquid from entering the trachea during the act of swallowing.