Digestion And Human Health

Front 1

Digestive System

Back 1

is specalized to ingest foods move it through a tube aproximately 8m long and break it down into smaller compontents.

Front 2

Mouth

Back 2

Chews and Mixes food with saliva

Front 3

amylase

Back 3

enzyme in Saliva that breaks down starch into simple sugars

Front 4

esophagus

Back 4

directs food from mouth to stomach

Front 5

peristalsis

Back 5

muscular contractions and relaxiatons of the circular and longitudinal muscles that surround the various parts of the digestive tract.

Front 6

rectum

Back 6

holds waste prior to elimination

Front 7

small intestine

Back 7

secrets enzyme that digest macromolecules absorbs hydrolyzed molecules into bloodstream

Front 8

Large Intestine

Back 8

absorbs water and salts: passes remaining undigested material and some water out of the body

Front 9

Anus

Back 9

Holds rectum closed, opens to allow waste elimmination

Front 10

Stomach

Back 10

Adds acid, enzymes and fluid; churns mixes and grinds food to a liquid mass

Front 11

esophagus

Back 11

directs food from mouth to stomach

Front 12

Pancreas

Back 12

manufactures enzymes to digest macromolecules, secretes bicarbonate to neutralize stomach acid that enters small intestine

Front 13

Gall Bladder

Back 13

stores bile until needed

Front 14

Liver

Back 14

manufactures bile a detergent like substance that facilitates digestion of fats

Front 15

salviary glands

Back 15

secrete strach digesting enzymes

Front 16

esophageal sphincter

Back 16

muscular ring between the esophagus and stomach that controls movement of food in and out of the stomach

Front 17

pyloric sphincter

Back 17

muscular ring that acts as a valve between the stomach and the first part of the small intestine controlling the passage of food of the stomach

Front 18

Pepsin

Back 18

protein digeting enzyme secreted in the stomach remains inactive until hydrochloric acid is present

Front 19

segmentation

Back 19

some physcial digestion happens in the small intestine: chyme sloshes back and forth between segements of the small intestine

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duodenum

Back 20

the first 25 cm of small intestine important site of chemical digestion of chyme from the stomach

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Villi

Back 21

finger like projection along the ridges of the small intestine increases surface area to aid in the absorpton of nutrients

Front 22

microvilli

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microscopic projection found along exposed cell surfaces that greatly incrases the surface area of the cell

Front 23

Carbohydrases

Back 23

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of carbohydrates.

Front 24

Lipase

Back 24

enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of triglycerides into glycerol and fatty acids.

Front 25

Proteases

Back 25

enzyme that hydrolyzes the peptide bonds that link amino acids in proteins and peptides

Front 26

nucleases

Back 26

enzyme that hydrolyses the bonds between nucleotides in nucelic acid

Front 27

gastrin

Back 27

stomach hormone that stimulates the secretion of hydrochloric acid and the inactive precursor molecule of pepsin from glands in the stomach

Front 28

secretin

Back 28

one of 3 enzymes secreted into the bloodstream by the duodenum causing inhinition of stomach movement and secretions and enebaling fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer than non fatty meals

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CCK

Back 29

Cholecystokinin: one of 3 enzymes secerted into bloodstream by the duodenum. it stimulates increased pancreatic secretions of digestive enzymes and gall bladder contractions

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GIP

Back 30

Gastric inhibatory peptide. enables fatty meals to remain in the stomach longer than non fatty meals