Digestion And Excretion

Front 1

Nutrients

Back 1

All food contains ______ necessary for organisms to grow and function.

Front 2

Carbon, Oxygen, Hydrogen

Back 2

What are Organic Nutrients made of?

Front 3

Extracellular

Back 3

excess water loss causes water to move from ______ spaces to the blood by OSMOSIS.

Front 4

Dehydration

Back 4

When the cytoplasm becomes so concentrated, the cell can no longer function.

Front 5

Digestion

Back 5

The process of breaking down food into molecules the body can use.

Front 6

Gastrontestinol Tract

Back 6

Digestion occurs in the ______

Front 7

Gastrontestinol Tract

Back 7

begins at the mouth and winds through body to the anus.

Front 8

Mechanical & Chemical

Back 8

Nutrients from food are broken down through what kinds of processes?

Front 9

Physically

Back 9

In the mechanical stage, how is food broken down?

Front 10

Chemical

Back 10

Chemical digestion results in a _____ change of nutrients.

Front 11

Saliva

Back 11

Digestion begins BEFORE the first bite of food when the salivary glands produce ______.

Front 12

Incisors

Back 12

Front sharp teeth that cut the food.

Front 13

Molars

Back 13

Back teeth, used for grinding.

Front 14

Hard Plate

Back 14

Roof of mouth

Front 15

Soft Plate

Back 15

seperates nasal cavity from mouth

Front 16

Salivary Amylase

Back 16

An enzyme which begins the break down of carbohydrates, and saliva contains it.

Front 17

Bolus

Back 17

Once food is chewed, it is rolled into a _____ or a ball and is swallowed into the Pharynx.

Front 18

Epiglottis

Back 18

Prevents food from entering the trachea.

Front 19

Esophagus

Back 19

Muscular tube that connects to the stomach.

Front 20

Peristalsis

Back 20

A series of muscle contractions and relaxations known as ______.

Front 21

Peristalsis

Back 21

The _______push the bolus down the esophagus to the stomach.

Front 22

Cardiac Sphincter

Back 22

As food leaves the esophagus , it passes through the _____.

Front 23

Cardiac Sphincter

Back 23

A circular muscle.

Front 24

Pyloric Sphincter

Back 24

keeps the food in the stomach as digestion takes place.

Front 25

Left side of Abdomen below diaphragm.

Back 25

Where is the J shaped expandable bag?

Front 26

Mechanical Digestion

Back 26

Stomach is composed of 3 muscle layers to churn food.

Front 27

Chemical Digestion

Back 27

-

Front 28

Gastric Pits

Back 28

The inside is wrinkled epithelial membrane dotted with ______.

Front 29

Gastric Pits

Back 29

small openings that secrete HCI,Enxymes, or Mucus.

Front 30

HCI

Back 30

Kill bacteria to dissove nutrients and to activate enzymes.

Front 31

Enzymes

Back 31

Pepinogen is converted to pepsin in this acidic environment.

Front 32

Pepinogen

Back 32

An inactive enzyme.

Front 33

Mucus

Back 33

To prevent digestion and corrosion of the stomach itself from the acidic environment.

Front 34

Chyme

Back 34

A paste like substance.

Front 35

Chyme

Back 35

breaking up food particles and mixing them with gastric fluids forms ______.

Front 36

Ulcer

Back 36

Breakdown of mucus coating allows digestive enzymes to eat through part of the stomach, creating a lesion called an ______.

Front 37

Liver

Back 37

Large organ located to the right of the stomach in the upper right of abdomen.

Front 38

Glycogen

Back 38

Liver stores _____ for blood glucose homestasis.

Front 39

Toxins

Back 39

Liver breaks down ______ in the blood.

Front 40

Bile

Back 40

Liver secretes ____ which breaks down fats into smaller droplets.

Front 41

Gallbladder

Back 41

Stores Bile

Front 42

Bile

Back 42

When chyme enters the small intestine ______ is released.

Front 43

Pancreas

Back 43

Located between the stomach and small intestine.

Front 44

Pancreatic Amylase and Lipase

Back 44

Pancreas secretes Pancreatic fluid which contains____ and ____.

Front 45

Pancreatic Fluid

Back 45

Helps to break down carbs and lipids and changes chyme from an acid to a base.

Front 46

Insulin and Glucagon

Back 46

Pancreaus releases _______. which are hormones which play a role in blood glucose homeostasis.

Front 47

Pyrove Sphincter

Back 47

As food leaves the stomach it passes through the _______ to enter the small intestine.

Front 48

21 feet !

Back 48

Small intestine can stretch to about______.

Front 49

Duodenum

Back 49

Most active in digestion of nutrients.

Front 50

Liver and Pancreas

Back 50

Secretions from the ____ & ______ mix with chyme to complete the break down of nutrients and trigger intestinal glands to secrete MUCUS to protect the intestine.

Front 51

Jejunum

Back 51

-

Front 52

lleum

Back 52

active in absorption of nutrients

Front 53

Villi

Back 53

The highly folded lining of small intestines is covered with millions of fingerlike projections called.

Front 54

Microvilli

Back 54

The celles covering the Villi have fingerlike projecions on their cell membranes called _____.

Front 55

Circulatory System

Back 55

The end products of digestion are released into the

Front 56

Liver and Kidneys

Back 56

Once the blood is filtered by the _____ & ______ it carries these nutrients throughout the body.

Front 57

Peristalsis

Back 57

Once absorption is complete, ______ moves the remaining material in the small intestine to the large intstine or colon.

Front 58

Water

Back 58

Is absorbed back into the body, solidifying the mass of unused material into feces.

Front 59

Rectum

Back 59

Fecal matter is stored in the _____ and eliminated from the body through the anus.