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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Mucous cells |
The most abundant epithelial cells which cover the entire luminal surface and extend down into the glands or gastric pits as "__________" |
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Chief cells |
Secrete pepsinogen into the gastric juice. Secreted, it is converted into pepsin, which is responsible for the stomach's ability to digest proteins. A protein may consist of 50 to thousands amino acids. The shape of the protein determines its function |
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Chymosin or rennin |
Curdles or coagulates milk in the stomach, so that I can stay there for longer periods. It is a very important industrial enzyme because it is widely used to make cheese. |
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Parietal cells |
Hydrochloric acid is secreted from ________ into the lumen where a establishes an extremely acidic environment. This acid is important for activation of pepsinogen. They also secrete intrinsic factor, which is essential in B12 absorption |
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G cells
Gastrin |
Is an enteroendocrine cell located in the mucosa of the pyloris and secrete a hormone called _______, The part in controlling acid secretion and gastric motility |
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Gastric function is often classified into three phases in which secretory a motor activities works simultaneously |
Cephalic phase, gastric phase, intestinal phase, |
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Gastric phase |
When a meal enters the stomach and mucus get irritated, activating chemoreceptors and stretch receptors are activated so that the stomach can distend. |
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Cephalic phase |
Seeing, smelling or considering food is registered by the brain. The brain sends parasympathetic stimuli through the Vegas nerve to enteric nervous system, telling it to prepare for the arrival of the meal |
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Intestinal phase |
As food is liquefied in the stomach it is very gradually sent pass the pyloric sphincter to the small intestine. This gives it time to neutralize the acid and efficiently absorb the nutrients |
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Duodenum |
10-12 feet long |
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Jejunum |
6-8 ft long |
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Ileum |
9-11 ft long |
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Mucosa layee |
Compromised of simple columnar epithelium which is absorptive |
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Plicae circulares |
Mucosa's layer surface area is greatly increased by transverse folds up Mucosa and submucosa called |
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Villi |
Have a rich network of blood capillaries that absorb products of protein and carbs digestion |
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Brunners glands |
The duodenum also has a unique feature of tubular alveolar submucosal glands |
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Muscularis |
Is circular and longitudinal, mixing time and propelling it towards the colon by peristalsis and segmentation |
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How long is the large intestine |
2.5 ft in diameter 5 ft in length From ileum to anus |
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How does the large intestine work to digest |
Cecum to ascending to hepatic flexure -to transverse - to splenic flexure, to descending to sigmoid, to rectum - 6 to anal canal |
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Colonic mucosa |
Lined with goblet cells to produce mucus |
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Taeniaecoli |
Longitudinal smooth muscle layer in three bands |
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Shape of large intestine |
Atonic, spastic |
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What does the large intestine absorb |
Water to dry out undigested food, minerals and vitamins |
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Defecation reflex |
Spinal cord in the sacral area sends a reflex went rectal wall gets stretched answering is voluntary |
