Digestion

Front 1

What are the fxn of the digestive system?

Back 1

transport , digestion, and absorption of ingested nutrietns
barrier between internal and external enviroment
protection agianst pathogens
endocrine function
intrinsic factor
removal of heptatic excretory products
reabsoprtion of secreted fluid and electrolytes

Front 2

What physical parts does the digetive system have which protect against pathogens?

Back 2

acid secretion, peristalis, IgA, presence of secondary lymphatic tissue, tonsils, peyer's patch, appendix

Front 3

What are the endocrine fxn of the digestive system?

Back 3

gastrin, CCK, GLP1, secretin, ghrelin

Front 4

What products does the heptic system excrete?

Back 4

drugs
Cholesterol

Front 5

What fluids does the digestive system reabsorb?

Back 5

fluids and electrolytes
1-2 L of saliva a day

Front 6

How long is the digestive system?

Back 6

9 meters in length

Front 7

What does the salivary glands secrete?

Back 7

fluid containing ptyalin

Front 8

Fxn of saliva

Back 8

- lubricate food
- facilitates speech

Front 9

saliva is

Back 9

hypotonic

Front 10

PSNS __________ secretions
SNS ___________ secretions

Back 10

increases
decreases

Front 11

The largest salivary gland is ___________ and can be effected by __________

Back 11

paritods
Mumps virus

Front 12

Dysphagia

Back 12

difficultly with swallowing

Front 13

What initiates swallowing?

Back 13

Bolus of food

Front 14

What fluids are secreted by stomach fluids?

Back 14

Gastrin, HCL, pepsinogen, mucus, ghrelin

Front 15

Gastrin

Back 15

acid secretion- they go up with a meal- cause pH to change and HCL goes up

Front 16

Pepsinogen

Back 16

secreted as inactive forms- zimogens (enzymes)
they break down complex molecules
becomes pepsin and then breaks down protiens - facilititates breakdown of protiens

Front 17

HCL

Back 17

bacterialcial or bacteriosidic

Front 18

alcohol

Back 18

rapidly absorbed in the stomach

Front 19

the fxn of mucus

Back 19

severes as a barrier

Front 20

ghrelin

Back 20

a new hormone secreted by the stomach - may be involved in satiety

Front 21

H. plyloria

Back 21

causes ulcers
contributes to urease
gram negative
spiral shaped bacterium

Front 22

Peptiv ulcers

Back 22

5 million Americans
50 percent of adults over 50 colonized with H pylori

Front 23

H plyori fxn

Back 23

sustains gastrin secretion resulitng in more H= secretion
(2) secretes toxins or enzymes that damage the mucosa

Front 24

Detecting H plyori

Back 24

breath test
c14 ura ingested
urease from H pylori converts this into c14o2
gets into blood stream and can be measured in breath

Front 25

acid secretionbstimulated by

Back 25

gastin
acetylcholine
histamine

Front 26

As acid accumulates

Back 26

reduces gastrin secretion

Front 27

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

Back 27

too much gastrin

Front 28

What nerver affects the stomach?

Back 28

vagus- which terminates in the medulla at the Emetic center

Front 29

Where does the emetic center receive information from?

Back 29

cortical centers and the vestibular apparatus (this center detects motion)
recieves input from the chemoreceptro trigger zone

Front 30

Ipecac

Back 30

drug that cause emesis

Front 31

Vomiting can cause ....

Back 31

dehydration, alkalosis, and hypokalemia

Front 32

Antiemetics are....

Back 32

scopolamine
antihistamines
dopamine antagonist

Front 33

Chyme

Back 33

food in the stomach

Front 34

chyle

Back 34

food in the small intestines
first thing to neutralize the H+

Front 35

H+ stimulates

Back 35

secretin relase and therefore causing secretion of pancreatic fluid which is rich in bicarbonate.

Front 36

Explain digestion

Back 36

amino acids and fatty acids in chlye stimulate the secretion of CCK- this caues the pancreas to secrete digestive enzymes (zymogens) and the Gall Bladder to contract. Acetylcholine fromt eh vagus also participates in enzyme secretion. Together secretion and CCK synergizes.

Front 37

Pancritiis usually caused by

Back 37

alcohol and gallstones

Front 38

pancreatic secretions enter the ___________ via the ____________

Back 38

small intestines
pancreatic duct

Front 39

What is the ampulla of Vater?

Back 39

pacreatic distal end that converges with the bile duct at the ampulla of Vater

Front 40

What is the brush border of enterocytes?

Back 40

enzymes are contained in villi (fingerlike projections) and breakdown nutrients into further elements, for example, simple sugars and amino acids
lactose 16 intolerance is a result of the absence of one of these

Front 41

Where do nutrients go to from the intestines?

Back 41

portal circulation
most digested nutrients (amino acids and carboyhydrates) are dilvered to the liver via the portal circulation

Front 42

Chylimicrons enter the circulation via

Back 42

lacteals (beginning of teh lymphatic drainage)
then enter the venous circulation via the thoracic duct

Front 43

What happend at the terminla ileum?

Back 43

about 75% of bile salts are reabsorbed
B12 is absorded here

Front 44

What happens if bile salts are not reclaimed by the liver?

Back 44

if they escape- they can cause pruritus and promblem in cirrhosis

Front 45

What happens in the large intestines?

Back 45

salt and water are absorbed
bacteria is here as well

Front 46

What is the tumor marker for colon cancer ?

Back 46

relationship between serum carcinoembryonic antiger (CEA) levels