Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Digestion:
2 types |
- intracellular > inside membrane-bound vesicles.
- extracellular > outside of cell, within lumen or tract. |
|
|
Digestion: Unicellular
how do they catch food? what helps aid with digestion? |
- use system of Phagocytosis
- then, food vacoules form - lysosomes are secreted into the vacoules - the end products diffues into cytoplasm |
|
|
Example of Unicellular digestion? Paramecium
what do they use cilia for? |
- have oral groove and cytopharynx, cilia sweeps food into there.
- food vacoule forms around food near lower end of cytopharnyx. |
|
|
Digestion: Invertebrates
two types of digestion |
1. physical breakdown
2. chemical breakdown |
|
|
physical breakdown vs chemical breakdown
|
- cutting and grinding of particles in mouth and churning in digestive tract.
- breaking down of molecules is accomplished by enzymatic hydrolysis. |
|
|
Invertebrate digestion: Cnidaria
what type of digestion (intra/extra)(phys/chem)? |
- extracellular digestion, chemical digestion
- gastrodermal cells engulf broken nutrients, intracellular completion. - undigested food goes out mouth |
|
|
Invertebrate digestion: Annelids (earthworm)
pathway? whats special about the intestine structure? |
- one way digestive tract; mouth, pharynx, esophagus, crop (storage), gizzard (grinds), intestines, anus
- large dorsal fold (typholosole), provides increased S.A. for digestion and absorption. |
|
|
Invertebrate digestion: Arthropods
|
- similar to earthworm (annelid)
- also have jaws for chewing and salivary glands (improve digestion). |
|
|
Digestion: Humans
(7 parts) |
A. Mouth (Oral Cavity)
B. Esophagus C. Stomach D. Small Intestine E. Liver F. Pancreas G. Large Intestine |
|
|
Human Digestion: #1 Oral Cavity
what two parts are important here? what is in saliva? |
- mechanical digestion
> mastication - Chemical > salivary glands secrete saliva (lubricates food) > contains salivary amylase > hydrolyzes starch to maltose (disaccharide) |
|
|
Human Digestion: #2 Esophagus
|
- movement from mouth to stomach
- rythmic smooth muscle contractions PERISTALSIS! |
|
|
Human Digestion: #3 Stomach
what helps protect stomach from its high acidity? what enzymes/molecules are important here? what is the end product of the stomach? where does it go? how? |
- mucus helps shield stomach from internal acidity
- pepsin & HCL >help breakdown food >pepsin activated by increased H+ - stomach creates CHYME product - Chyme passes to duodenum (small intestine) by way of PYLORIC sphincter. |
|
|
Human Digestion: #4 Small Intestine
3 portions of the small intestine |
- Duodenum
- Jejunum - Ileum |
|
|
Small intestine characteristics
what on the walls of the S.I. help with absorption? what are they composed of? what do lacteals do? |
- highly absorbant, long, coiled alot.
- lots a villi, composed of capillaries and lacteals. > capture nutrients > pass to capillary system. - glucose and A.A.'s are actively absorbed (need energy) - all others passively absorbed. - lacteals convert Fatty acids and glycerols back to fats. |
|
|
Duodenum
from what other organs do secretions enter the duodenum? |
- where most digestion occurs in S.I.
- intestine glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder. |
|
|
What enyzmes do the Intestinal glands secrete?
|
- Lipases (fat digestion)
- Aminopeptidases (Polypep. digestion) - Disaccharidases (sugar digestion) |
|
|
Human Digestion: #5 Liver
what does it produce? where is it stored? what happens when fat enters duodenum? what does this allow? what if there is no bile? |
- produces bile, which is then stored in gallbladder.
- when chyme enters S.I., signals gallbladder to release bile into S.I., the bile emulsifies the fats. - higher S.A. of fat allows for higher Pancreatic lipse action. - no bile, no fats digested. |
|
|
Human Digestion: #6 Pancreas
what enzymes does it secrete does the enzyme that digests fats like in terms of pH condition? |
- exocrine function
- secretes 3 enzymes >Amylase (carb. digestion) >Trypsin (Protein digestion) >Lipase (Fat digestion), likes high pH |
|
|
Human Digestion: #7 The Large intestine
purpose? |
- Absorbs salts and left over water.
|
|
|
Digestion in Plants and Fungi
intra or extra cellular digestion? |
- Both!
- Intracellular and extracellular digestion |
|
|
Digestion in Plants and Fungi: intracellular
|
- principal food storage is starch
- hydrolysis of starchs stored provides nutrients |
|
|
Digestion in Plants and Fungi: Extracellular.
rhizoid example venus flytrap is the venus flytrap strictly a carnivore? what is the insect necessary for? |
- bread mold, secrete enzymes into external envi. (bread).
- digested products absorbed through diffusion. - flies trapped by tissue in trap, enzymes secreted to digest fly, absorbs soluble end products. - still a autotroph, uses photosynthesis also. - insect is used as NITRATE source, because the plant grows in nitrogen-poor soil. |
