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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Hepatic lobule
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1 - hepatic arteriole
2 - bile ductule 3 - portal venule 4 - central vein 5 - Sinusoidal endothelial cells (sinusoids) 6 - Hepatocytes |
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Where do the sinusoids drain into?
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Central vein
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What do the central veins drain into?
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Hepatic vein into the caudal vena cava
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What are adjacent lobules separated by?
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Connective tissue 9SMALL AMOUNTS EXCEPT IN PIG)
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What is the main type of collagen found in the liver?
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Type III (reticulin)
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What does the portal triad consist of?
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Hepatic arteriole
Portal venule Bile ductule Sometimes lymphatic vessel |
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What is the blood like in the hepatic portal vein compared to the hepatic artery?
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Portal vein - nutrient rich from GI tract
Hepatic artery - oxygen-rich |
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Describe the zones
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Zone 1 - most oxygenated, closest contact to blood-borne toxins
Zone 3 - least oxygenated, furthest contact from blood-borne toxins |
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Which way does bile drain?
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From central vein to bile duct
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What does bile travel through to reach the bile ductule?
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Bile canaliculi through canal of Hering
To bile ductule to hepatic ductule |
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What are the 3 types of membrane on the hepatocyte?
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Apical - exchange with sinusoidal blood
Canalicular aspect - excreting bile Basolateral - communication with other hepatocytes |
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Name the cells
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1 - Space of Disse
2 - Kupffer cell 3 - Ito (Stellate cell) 4 - Sinusoidal lining cell |
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Name the functions of the liver
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Metabolic processing of blood
Detoxification of drugs/toxins Activation/processing of drugs Removal of bacteria/erythrocytes Activation of vitamin D Bile synthesis Storage of glycogen Synthesis of plasma proteins |
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What causes prehepatic jaundice?
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Liver is normal but cannot cope with the excessive breakdown of erythrocytes (immune-mediated haemolytic anaemia), cannot exrete bilirubin fast enough
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What causes hepatic jaundice?
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Damage to the liver, cannot excrete normal bilirubin load
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What causes post-hepatic jaundice?
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Damage, obstruction, compression etc. of gall bladder or common bile duct. Bile cannot empty into small intestine
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How may liver damage lead to oedema?
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Liver not synthesising plasma proteins
Blood loses oncotic pressure, oedema in tissues |
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How may liver damage lead to clotting disorders?
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If liver not producing clotting factors/proteins
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How may liver damage lead to hepatoencephalopathy?
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Liver not detoxifying ammonia etc., may lead to brain function damage
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How may liver damage lead to metabolic disease?
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If liver unable to process dietary components, e.g. glycogen
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Which liver enzyme tests are there?
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Cell damage:
ALT - liver-specific AST GLDH - large animals Cholestasis: Alkaline phosphatase - cholestasis increased AP Gamma-glutamyl transferase - large animals and cats |
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Which live function tests are there?
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Bilirubin - increased serum bilirubin = jaundice
Bile acid - increased bile acids in serum after eating |
