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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the alternative to fermentable protein in the rumen?
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NPN = non-protein nitrogen
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What is protein fermentation in the rumen influenced by?
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Rumen pH
Balance of microbes Particle size and form of the feed Rate of rumen fluid turnover |
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What is RDP used by and for?
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Broken down to amino acids used by microbes for microbial protein
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What are the 3 main processes of the metabolism of amino acids by ruminal microbes?
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Interconversion
Degradation New synthesis |
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What is microbial protein a mixture of?
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Dead, live, fragmented and partially-digested microbes
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Which enzyme is responsible for breaking down bacterial cell wall?
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Lysozyme
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Why might a low protein diet actually be adequate source of food for ruminants?
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Microbial protein provides all essential amino acids
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What can microbes make protein from?
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Non-protein nitrogen sources
e.g. phosphatidylcholine in plant cell membranes |
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How does endogenous urea enter the rumen in ruminants?
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Via saliva and diffusion across rumen wall
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What is urea converted to by microbes?
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CO2 and NH3
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Which enzyme do microbes use to convert urea?
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Urease
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What is the conversion of endogenous urea into protein in ruminants called?
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Protein regeneration cycle
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What can be used to replace protein in ruminant diet?
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Exogenous urea
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When and why would urea be used in a ruminant diet?
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Winter
Cheaper than protein |
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Why is usually only partial replacement of protein used?
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Because full replacement does not produce optimum growth
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How is rennin used for digesting milk?
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Curdles the milk
Leaves milk in abomasum for longer Allows for more complete digestion |
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In which animals is there no transplacental Ig transfer?
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Horse, ruminant, pig
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What factors facilitate intact Ig absorption?
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Poor digestibility in early post-natal period
Colostrum buffers HCl Colostrum inhibits some peptidases like trypsin |
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Why is Ig colostrum absorption not as significant in horses?
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Their protein is digested before material reaches fermentation zone
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How do rabbits deal with loss of protein in faeces?
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Caecotrophy
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How do horses deal with low protein diets?
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Some nitrogen cycling
Coprophagia |
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How do ruminants obtain saturated fats from their high unsaturated fat diet?
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Microflora hydrogenate (saturate) unsaturated fats
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Ruminants need some unsaturated fats, how do they get them?
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Protozoal protection of unsaturated FAs?
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What are some advantages of ruminant digestion?
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Able to:
digest cellulose improve protein quantity and quality synthesis B vitamins |
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What are some disadvantages of ruminant digestion?
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Unable to tolerate sudden dietary change - ammonia production, acidosis
Bloat Reliant upon gluconeogenesis Energy loss through methane |
