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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Nutrient |
A substance that provides the raw materials required for cell metabolism and growth |
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Polymer |
Molecule composed of three or more subunits |
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Monosaccharide |
A single sugar unit |
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Isomer |
A group of chemicals that have the same chemical formula but different arrangement of the atoms |
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Disaccharides |
Sugar formed by the joining of two monosaccharides subunits |
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Dehydration synthesis |
The process by which longer molecules are formed by the removal of water from two smaller molecules |
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Hydrolysis |
Process by which larger molecules are split into smaller molecules by the addition of water |
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Polysaccharide |
Carbohydrate composed of many single sugar units |
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Glycogen |
A plant carbohydrate used to store energy |
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Cellulose |
A plant polysaccharide that makes up the plant cell walls |
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Triglyceride |
A lipid composed of glycerol and three fatty acids |
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Phospholipid |
A lipid with a phosphate molecules attached to the glycerol back bone, making the molecules polar; the major components of the cell membrane |
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Wax |
A long chain lipid that is insoluble in water |
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Protein |
A chain of amino acids that form the structural parts of cells or act as antibodies or invite |
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Amino acids |
A chemical that contains nitrogen; can be linked together to form proteins |
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Peptide bonds |
A bond that joins amino acids |
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Polypeptide |
A chain of three or more amino acids |
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Essential amino acid |
And amino acid that must be obtained from the diet |
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Coagulation |
The process that occurs when the bonds of a protein molecule or disrupted, causing a permanent change in shape |
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Peristalsis |
Rhythmic, wavelike muscle that moves food along the gastrointestinal tract |
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Villi |
Small, fingerlike protrusions that extend into the small intestine to increase surface area |
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Microvilli |
Microscopic, fingerlike protrusions of the cell membrane |
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Capillary |
A blood vessel that connects arteries and veins; the site of gas exchange |
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Lacteal |
Small vessel that transports the products of fat digestion to the circulatory system |
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Secretin |
A hormone released from the duodenum that stimulates pancreatic and bile secretions |
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Entrokinase |
An enzyme of the small intestine that converts trypsinogen to trypsin |
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Trypsin |
A protein digesting enzyme |
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Erepsin |
An enzyme that completes protein digestion by converting short chain peptides to amino acids |
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Lipase |
A lipid digesting enzyme |
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Cholecystokinin |
A hormone secreted by the small intestine that stimulates the release of bile salts |
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Detoxify |
Removes the effect of poison |
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Jaundice |
The yellowish discolouration of the skin and other tissues brought about the collection of bile pigments in the blood |
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Cirrhosis |
Chronic inflammation of the liver tissue characterized by the growth of non-functioning fibrous tissue |
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Enterogastrone |
Hormone secreted by the small intestine that decreases gastric secretion and motility |
