Digestiion

Front 1

Achalasia

Back 1

failure of the smooth muscle to relax at some junction in the digestive tube, such as between the esophagus and stomach

Front 2

Achlorhydria

Back 2

lack of hydrochloric acid in gastric secretions

Front 3

Anorexia Nervosa

Back 3

self-starvation

Front 4

aphagia

Back 4

inability to swallow

Front 5

Cachexia

Back 5

state of chronic malnutrition and physical wasting

Front 6

celiac disease

Back 6

inability to digest or use fats and carbohydrates

Front 7

Cholecystitis

Back 7

inflammation of the gallbladder

Front 8

Cholelithiasis

Back 8

stones in the gallbladder

Front 9

Cholestasis

Back 9

blockage in bile flow from the gallbladder

Front 10

cirrhosis

Back 10

liver condition in which the hepatic cells degenerate in the surrounding connective tissue thickens

Front 11

diverticulitis

Back 11

inflammation of the small pouches (diverticula) that form in the lining and walls of the colon

Front 12

dumping syndrome

Back 12

symptoms, including diarrhea, that often follow a gastrectomy

Front 13

dysentery

Back 13

and intestinal infection caused by viruses, bacteria, or protozoans that cause diarrhea and cramps

Front 14

dyspepsia

Back 14

indigestion; difficulty in digesting a meal

Front 15

Dysphagia

Back 15

difficulty in swallowing

Front 16

Enteritis

Back 16

inflammation of the intestines

Front 17

esophagitis

Back 17

inflammation of the esophagus

Front 18

gastrectomy

Back 18

partial or complete removal of the stomach

Front 19

gastrostomy

Back 19

creation of an opening in the stomach wall through which food and liquids can be administered, when swallowing is not possible

Front 20

glossitis

Back 20

inflammation of the tongue

Front 21

hyperalimentation

Back 21

long-term intravenous nutrition

Front 22

Ileitis

Back 22

inflammation of the ileum

Front 23

pharyngitis

Back 23

inflammation of the pharynx

Front 24

polyphagia

Back 24

over eating

Front 25

pyloric stenosis

Back 25

congenital obstruction at the pyloric sphincter due to an enlarged pyloric muscle

Front 26

pylorosplasm

Back 26

spasm of the pyloric portion of the stomach or of the pyloric sphincter

Front 27

Pyorrhea

Back 27

inflammation of the dental periosteum with pus formation

Front 28

stomatitis

Back 28

inflammation of the lining of the mouth

Front 29

aliment

Back 29

food

Front 30

alimentary canal

Back 30

tubelike portion of the digestive system

Front 31

chym

Back 31

juice

Front 32

chyme

Back 32

semi fluid paste of food particles and gastric juice, formed in the stomach

Front 33

decidu

Back 33

falling off

Front 34

deciduous teeth

Back 34

teeth replaced during childhood

Front 35

gastr

Back 35

stomach

Front 36

gastric gland

Back 36

portion of the stomach that secretes gastric juice

Front 37

hepat

Back 37

liver

Front 38

hepatic duct

Back 38

duct that carries bile from the liver to the common bile duct

Front 39

lingu

Back 39

tongue

Front 40

lingual tonsil

Back 40

mass of lymphatic tissue at the root of the tongue

Front 41

nutri

Back 41

nourishing

Front 42

nutrient

Back 42

chemical substance required to nourish body cells

Front 43

peri

Back 43

around

Front 44

peristalsis

Back 44

waveliring of contraction, that moves material along the alimentary canal

Front 45

pylor

Back 45

gatekeeper

Front 46

pyloric sphincter

Back 46

muscle that serves as a valve between the stomach and small intestine

Front 47

vill

Back 47

hairy

Front 48

villi

Back 48

tiny projections of mucous membrane in the small intestine

Front 49

vitamin

Back 49

organic compounds, other than a carbohydrates, lipid, or proteins - required for normal metabolism. At that the body cannot synthesize in adequate amounts

Front 50

bile

Back 50

fluid secreted by liver and stored in the gallbladder

Front 51

calorie

Back 51

unit to measure heat energy in the energy content of foods

Front 52

feces

Back 52

material expelled from the digestive tract during defecation

Front 53

gastric juice

Back 53

secretion from gastric glands located within the stomach

Front 54

intestinal juice

Back 54

fluid that intestinal glands secrete, containing digestive enzymes

Front 55

intestinal villus

Back 55

tiny, fingerlike projections that extends outward from the lining of the small intestine

Front 56

intrinsic factor

Back 56

substance that gastric glands produce to promote absorption of vitamin B12

Front 57

malnutrition

Back 57

physical symptoms resulting from lack of specific nutrients

Front 58

mesentery

Back 58

fold of peritoneal membranes that attaches abdominal organs to the abdominal wall

Front 59

mineral

Back 59

elements not found in organic compounds that is essential in human metabolism

Front 60

pancreatic juice

Back 60

digestive secretions from the pancreas

Front 61

Pepsinogen

Back 61

source is from the chief cells of the gastric glands
it is an in active form of pepsin

Front 62

Pepsin

Back 62

formed from pepsinogen in the presence of hydrochloric acid
it is a protein-splitting enzyme that digests nearly all types of protein

Front 63

hydrochloric acid

Back 63

produced by the parietal cells of the gastric glands
provides the acidic environment needed for the conversion of pepsinogen into pepsin and for the action of pepsin

Front 64

mucus

Back 64

produced by goblet cells and mucous glands
provides a viscous, alkaline protective layer on the inside stomach wall

Front 65

intrinsic factor

Back 65

produced by the parietal cells of the gastric glands

aids in vitamin B12 absorption

Front 66

gastrin

Back 66

produced by gastric cells in response to food
causes gastric glands to increase their secretory activity

Front 67

cholesystokinin

Back 67

produced by intestinal wall cells in response to proteins and fat in the small intestine
causes the gastric glands to decrease their secretory activity and inhibits gastric motility

Front 68

Secretin

Back 68

produced by cells in the duodenal wall in response to acidic chyme entering the small intestine
stimulates the pancreas to secrete fluid with a high bicarbonate ion concentration

Front 69

amylase

Back 69

produced by the salivary and pancreatic glands
begins carbohydrate digestion at breaking down starch and glycogen into disaccharides

Front 70

Pepsin

Back 70

produced by the gastric glands
begins protein digestion

Front 71

lipase

Back 71

produced by the pancreatic glands
breaks down fat into fatty acids and glycerol

Front 72

Proteolytic enzymes

Back 72

Trypsin, chymotrypsin, and carboxypeptidase - produced by the pancreas
breaks down proteins or partially digested proteins into peptides

Front 73

nucleases

Back 73

produced by pancreas
breaks down nucleic acids into nucleotides

Front 74

Peptidase

Back 74

produced intestinal mucosal cells
breaks down peptides into amino acids

Front 75

Sucrase, maltase, lactase

Back 75

produced by mucosal cells
breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides

Front 76

enterokinase

Back 76

produced by mucosal cells
converts trypsinogen into trypsin