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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of Digestive Systems
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Ingestion MEchanical and chemical digestion Propulsion asorption defecation
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Mouth |
Ingestion MEchanical Digestion Palatine tonsils Pharyngeal tonsils
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Palatine tonsils |
Help to protect body against infections
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Pharyngeal tonsils
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Located on posterior wall of pharynx |
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SAliva
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Dissolve food for taste HELp clean mouth and teeth Bicarbonate ions help buffer ph level in mouth |
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Salivary amylase is enzyme that |
breaks down carbs in mouth
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Swallowing mechanism Steps
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Soft palate and uvula raise -hyoid bone and larynx raise -epiglottis close off top of trachea -longtitudal muscles of pharynx contract -inferior constrictor muscles relax and esophagus opens -peristalic waves push food through pharynx
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Esophagus facts and muscle
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-25 cm long -Peristalis- rhythmic movement of smooth muscle that moves the food down to the stomach |
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Stomach |
Tshaped 25- 30 cm long - can hold about 1 liter -inner lining of stomach has thick folds called rugae -allows walls to stretch and flatten |
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Lower esophageal sphincter |
helps prevent back flow into esophagus
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cardiac region |
Small area |
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Fundic region |
temporary storage area and sometimes filled with swallowed air |
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body region |
main part of stomach |
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pyloric region |
funnels and narrows as it approaches small intestine |
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pyloric sphincter |
muscle valve that controls gastric emptying |
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pepsinogen |
inactive form of pepsin |
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pepsin |
pepsinogen with hcl -protein splitting enzyme |
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hcl |
needed to convert pepsinogen to pepsin |
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mucus |
comes from goblet cells and mucous glands protective to stomach walls |
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intrinsic factor |
required for bit b12 absorption |
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Gastric secretion phases |
cephalic gastric intestinal |
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Cephalic
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-triggered by smell,taste,sight or thought of food -parasympathetic impulse trigger gastric juice secretion
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gastric phase |
-triggered by presence of food in stomach -gastrin released -gastric juice secreted |
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intestinal phase |
-triggered by movement of food into small intestine -intestinal cells release intestinal gastrin -secretion of gastric juice |
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Gastric asorbs |
water certain salts lipid soluble drugs alcohol |
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Chyme |
mixing of digested food with gastric fluids that were made in stomach |
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enterogastric reflex |
regulates the rate at which chyme leaves the stomach (involves vagus nerve) |
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Vagus nerve |
COntrol stomach and secretions |
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Pancreatic juice ----> pancreatic amylase |
split glycogen into dissacchrides |
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pancreatic lipase |
break down triglycerides |
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trypsin,chymotrypsin, carboxypeptidase |
digest proteins |
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nucleases |
digest nucleic acid |
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bicarbonate ions |
make pancreatic juices alkaline (BASIC) |
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Regulation of pancreatic secretions |
-acidic chyme stimulates release of secretin -secretin stimulates release of pancreatic juice |
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Liver (LOTS OF FUNCTIONS) |
-produce and break down glycogen with glucose -Synthesize plasma proteins -Stores glycogen, Vitamin a, d,b12,iron, and blood -phagocytosis of worn out rbc's and foreign substances -remove toxins from blood -produce and secrete
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Composition of bile |
-Break down fat -asorption of fatty acids,cholesterol, and fat soluble vitamins - |
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How does bile release |
FAtty chyme entering duodenum stimulates gallbladder to release bile |
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3 parts of small intestines |
Duodenum jejenum ilium |
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Mesentry |
Suspends portions of small intestines from posterior abdominal wall |
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Peptidase Small intestine secretions |
break down peptides into amino acids |
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sucrose,maltase,lactase
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break down disacchrides into monosacchrides |
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lipase |
breaks down fats into fatty acids and glycerol |
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secretin |
stimulates pancreas to release bicarbonate ions in pancreatic juice |
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mucus secretion stimulated by |
prescence of chyme in small intestine |
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Large intestine parts (Catsard) |
Cecum Ascending colon Transverse descending colon Sigmoid colon rectum anal canal |
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how are electrolytes and water absorbed into blood |
thru diffusion osmosis and active transport |
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small intestine asorption |
thru facilitated diffusion and active passport absorbed into blood monosacchrides and amino acids |
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segmentation |
ringlike contractions
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diarrhea caused by |
stretched walls which cause peristaltic rush |
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large intestine |
carry out defecation secrete mucus and asorb water and electrolytes |
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movement large i |
slow less frequent after meals |
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feces |
bateria cause color and smell
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life change |
teeth loossen fall out nutrient asorb decreases heartburn |
