Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Differentiation
|
the process of transformation into a different cell type.
|
|
|
Committment
|
when the developmental fate of a cell becomes restricted, so that it will differentiate in a specific manner.
|
|
|
Specification
|
the first phase of commitment, when the fate is still reversible
ie. ectodermal cell transplanted elsewhere |
|
|
Determination
|
the final phase, when commitment becomes irreversible
|
|
|
Can committment occur before differentiation?
|
yes
|
|
|
Autonomous specification
|
intracellular signals (within a cell) controlling cellular differentiation.
|
|
|
Intercellular induction
|
signals between cells controlling cellular differentiation.
|
|
|
Hormones
|
non-nutrient chemicals secreted by one cell to induce a response in another cell.
|
|
|
Growth factors
|
hormones that control cell cycle progression, cellular differentiation or morphogenesis during development.
|
|
|
Differentiated cell types
|
specialized cells with limited or no ability to transform into other cell types.
|
|
|
Undifferentiated cell types
|
cells that have not transformed into a specialized cell type.
|
|
|
Specialized cell types
|
cells with distinctive morphological characteristics and/or molecular processes.
|
|
|
Blastomeres –
|
cells from cleavage stage embryos or blastocysts.
|
|
|
Blast cells
|
stem cells from any embryonic stage.
|
|
|
Mesenchyme
|
- loosely organized blast cells.
|
|
|
Anaplasia -
|
dedifferentiation to an embryonic cell type.
|
|
|
Neoplasia
|
- abnormal, new growth (e.g. tumor formation).
|
|
|
Are most neoplasias anaplasias?
|
Yes.
|
|
|
What tissues differentiate more readily?
|
Epithelial, hepatic --> Undifferentiated
|
