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41 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is lymphoma, characteristics and associated disease
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neoplasm of lymphoid tissue
skin rashes: round patch of reddish brown skin associated with hair loss over area of lymphoma seen in both hodgkins and non-hodgkins |
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Nail bed assessment
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color, shape, thickness, texture, lesions
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what is onycholysis?
causes? |
painless losening of the nail plate
-fungal infestion/disease -myeloma -neoplasm -graves dx -anemia -reactive arthritis |
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Koilonchia-what is it & causes
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spoon nails-thin depressed nails that are tilted upward
hypochromic anemia iron deficiency long term uncontrolled DM thyroid problems syphilis rheumatic fever |
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Beau's lines-what are they and causes
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grooves in nail plate
-acute illness chem poor periph. circulation eating disorder alcohol cirrhosis past MI |
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Splinter hemorrhage-what is it & causes
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lines of blood up nail bed
-silent MI bacterial endocarditis vasculitis renal failure |
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Leukonychia-what is it and causes
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dot or lines of white in nail bed
-hypocalcemia severe hypochromic anemia hodgkins dx renal failure arsenic poisoning malnutrition MI leprosy hepatic cirrhosis |
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Clubbing-what is it & causes
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nails curl down
-advanced COPD pulmonary abscess malignancy tested with schamroth method |
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nail patella syndrome
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genetic underdevelopment of the nail beds typically associated with joint problems
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what are you looking for with lymph node palpation
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swelling, redness, change in pigmentation
-different areas to look at nodes in the body |
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what can lymph node sweilling be caused by
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infection, virus, bacteria, allergies, thyroid conditions
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what should you ask if swollen lymph nodes are found
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have you been sick? mono? allergic rhinitis? food intolerance? implants?
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components of musculoskeletal screen
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examine above and below
ROM Strength funtion special tests |
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Neuro screen components
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emotional state
CNs motor fxn sensory fxn neural tension test reflexes |
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Head and neck screen
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integumentary
CNs lymph node involvement jugular level |
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test for PVD and values
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ABI-SPB ankle/arm
1-1.3 norm .8-1 mild .5-.8 mod <.5 severe <.2 ischemic |
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chest and back screen
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palpation- crepitus, pleural rub, tactile fremitus
Auscultation |
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what are crackles
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air moving thruough airway filled with fluid
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what is wheezing
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air moving through narrow cavity
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what are gurgles
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air moving through thick secretions
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what is a pleural friction rub
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high pitched scratchy sound secondary to inflammed pleural surfaces rubbing
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causes of anemia
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iron deficiency associate with chronic GI blood loss -secondary chronic NSAID use
chronic diseases: RA lupus neuro disease: pernicious anemia infectious diseas: CA, AIDS |
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signs of anemia
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dyspnea
palpitations severe weakness fatigue palor easy bruising blood in stool or emesis bleeding gums |
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clinical sign on anemia
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gradual onset may take 50% decrease in hematocrit before see symptoms
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rapid onset anemia signs
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dyspnea, weakness, fatigue, palpitations, decreased diastolic BP with increased resting HR
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what is light lemon yellow tin of the skin indicative of
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untreated pernicious anemia
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what is white waxy skin indicative of
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severe anemia secondary acute hemorrhage
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what is gray to green/yellow tint indicative of
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chronic blood loss
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what is a gray tint indicative of
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leukemia
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what is polycythemia/erythrocytosis and what can it cause
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increased RBC & increase hemoglobin concentration
-increased blood viscosity & clotting |
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what can secondary polycythemia/erythrocytosis be cause by
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living at high altitude
smoking exposure to radiation chronic heart and lung conditions |
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Signs and Sx of polycythemia/erythrocytosis
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SOB
fatigue stroke or clots gout |
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what is sickle cell anemia and causes
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autosomal resesive disorder. abnormal form of hemoglobin
-chronic hemolytic anemia and vasocclusions |
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what is a sickle cell crisis
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acute manifestation: severe pain in bone and joint, CVA, TIA, chronic leg ulcer
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what is leukocytosis and the causes
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>10,000/mm^3
sharp rise when have infection inflammation necrosis see in neoplasm acute hemorrhage |
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S/Sx of leukocytosis
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fever
localized or systemic infection inflamation or trauma symptoms |
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what is leukopenia
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<5,000/mm^3
-never beneficial |
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S/Sx of leukopenia
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sore throat
high fever chills ulceration of mucus membrane frequent or painful urination persistant infections |
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what is thrombocytosis and S/Sx
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increased platelets
increased thrombosis, splenomegaly, easy bruising |
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what is thrombocytopenia and causes
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decreased platelets
secondary bone marrow failure due to radiation, leukemia, matestatic CA, cytotoxic agents, drug induced platelet reductions |
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S/Sx of thrombocytopenia
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severe bruising, external hematomas, jt swelling, multiple petichia
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