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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does CAM stand for?
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Complementary and Alternative medicine
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What is CAM?
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Treatments used in addition to or instead of conventional medicine
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What 4 things does CAM include?
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Dietary Supplements, acupuncture, homeopathy, biofeedback
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What 4 things are included under Dietary Supplements?
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Vitamins, minerals, herbal supplements, amino acids
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What is the DSHEA?
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Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 = Gives consumers access to dietary supplements. Allows FDA to withdraw dangerous products and address misleading claims
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How does the DSHEA define a supplement?
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Intended to supplement the diet
Intended for ingestion Not represented as a conventional food Labeled as a "dietary supplement" |
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What does the DSHEA say about manufacturers?
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They are only responsible for determining the safety and not the efficacy. They do not need to register with the FDA
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What is the FDA's responsibility under the DSHEA?
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They have the authority to stop the sale of unsafe products.
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In terms of labeling, what does the DSHEA permit? What does it prohibit?
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Permits - Structure/Function claims ("Helps improve mood", " calcium builds strong bones")
***If making a structure/function claim, must have support that claims are truthful and not misleading Prohibits - Disease claims ("Reduces pain and stiffness associated with arthritis, relieves crushing chest pain") |
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What does the federal trade commission do?
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Regulates advertising of dietary supplements
Ensures consumers receive accurate information so they can make informed decisions. |
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What is Vitamin B1?
What does it do? |
Thiamine - Necessary for myocardial function, nerve cell function and carbohydrate metabolism
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What are the deficiency symptoms for Thiamine?
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Polyneuropathy
Berberi |
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What is vitamin B2?
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Riboflavin
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What are the deficiency symptoms for riboflavin?
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Blurred vision
Itching, watery eyes, bloodshot eyes |
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What is vitamin B3?
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Niacin
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What are the Deficiency symptoms for Niacin?
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Dermatitis
Diarrhea Dementia |
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What is vitamin B6?
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Pyridoxine
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What are the deficiency symptoms?
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Oral lesions
Peripheral neuropathy Convulsions |
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What do high doses of pyridoxine do?
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Inhibit prolactin
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What is vitamin B12?
What are the 3 deficiency symptoms? |
Cobalamin
B12 deficiency anemia Neurologic changes Smooth, red tongue |
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What are the deficiency symptoms for folate?
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Folic acid deficiency anemia
Mouth sores Diarrhea |
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Folate products more than this dosage are prescription only
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0.8 mg
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What is vitamin A necessary for?
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Normal growth, reproduction, skeletal/tooth development
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What are the deficiency symptoms for Vitamin A?
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Dry eyes, Dry skin, Night blindness
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What is vitamin D necessary for?
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Proper bone formation
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What are the deficiency symptoms for vitamin D?
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Rickets and Osteomalacia
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What is Vitamin E?
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An antioxidant
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Who should avoid taking large doses of vitamin E?
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Patients taking anticoagulants
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What are the deficiency symptoms for Vitamin E?
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Peripheral neuropathy
Muscle weakness Hemolytic anemia |
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What are the proposed uses of Glucosamine/Chondroitin?
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Osteoarthritis
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Who should avoid taking glucosamine/chondroitin?
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Patients with a shellfish allergy
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What are 2 important counseling points?
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It requires 4-6 weeks for benefits to been seen
Not for PRN use - must use continually |
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Who should avoid taking Echinacea?
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Those with asthma, atopy, allergic rhinitis and autoimmune disorders
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What are the 4 proposed uses of Ginkgo Biloba?
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Alzheimer's disease
Vascular dementias Intermittent claudication Tinnitus |
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What are the safety concerns for Ginkgo Biloba?
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May increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy
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What are the 3 proposed uses of Ginseng?
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Mental and physical stress
Improve immune function Improve energy |
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What do efficacy studies show on Ginseng?
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Poor quality studies
Minimal to no benefit seen over placebo |
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What are the safety concerns for Ginseng?
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Insomnia, headache, anorexia, CNS stimulation
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Who should avoid taking Ginseng?
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Those with CVD or taking anticoagulant/antiplatelet therapy
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What is an important counseling point for Ginseng?
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Use should be limited to less than 3 months
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What is the proposed use of Saw Palmetto?
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BPH
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What do efficacy studies show on it?
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Mild-Moderate improvement in urinary flow symptoms
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What are the proposed uses of Fish Oils?
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Heart Disease and Hypertriglyceridemia
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What efficacy studies show?
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In the prevention of CHD, studies suggest benefits, especially in high-risk patients
For hypertriglyceridemia, studies suggest a 25-30% reduction in triglycerides |
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What are the safety concerns for Fish Oils?
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May increase the risk of bleeding in patients taking anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy
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What is the proposed use of St. John's Wort?
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Mild- Moderate depression
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What are the safety concerns for St. John's Wort?
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Many side effects, many drug interactions
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Who should use caution in taking this?
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Those who are Bipolar, schizophrenic, or have alzheimer's disease
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What are the 3 proposed uses of Garlic?
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Hyperlipidemia, Hypertension and prevention of atherosclerosis
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What do efficacy studies show?
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Modest reduction in TC and LDL
Modest reduction in BP |
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What is the proposed use of Melatonin?
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Treatment of insomnia
"Jet lag" |
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What are the efficacy results on this?
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Results for insomnia are mixed
Results show that it may reduce symptoms of jet lag when dosed appropriately but results are mixed |
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What are the safety concerns for melatonin?
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Fatigue
Drowsiness Anxiety Dizziness |
