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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name the classes of nutrients and fxns
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carbs, fats, protiens, vitamins, minerals and water. provide energy, build/repair tissue, regulate processes
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Where are essential nutrients found?
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food
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What are organic nutrients? Fxn?
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carbs, fats, proteins, vitamins. Provide energy, reg body processes, build/repair. Complex has to be broken down
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What are inorganic nutrients? Fxn?
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water, minerals. Reg body process. Are in simplest form.
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What is overnutrition?
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Excess energy or nutrient intake
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Undernutrition
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Deficient energy or nutrient intake
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What is cumulative effects
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something done repeatedly over years
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Examples of diseases that are cumulative?
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atherosclerosis, obesity, hypertension, diabetes, gallbladder disease certain cancers
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Deficiencies include:
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iron, beriberi, scurvy, osteomalacia, osteoporosis, rickets, goiter
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What does a nutritional assessment include:
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anthropometric measurements, clinical examinations, biochemical tests, dietary/social history
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What does anthropometric measurements consists of?
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height, weight, head, chest and abdominal circumference(kids) upper arm measurement, skinfold
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Pallor, blue half cirlces is indicative of what?
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iron, copper, zinc, B12 B6 deficiency
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Edema deficiency is indicative of?
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Protien
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Bumpy gooseflesh indicative of what?
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Vitamin A
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Lesions at corner of mouth indicative of?
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Riboflavin
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Poorly shaped bones/teeth or delayed teeth deficiency of?
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Vitamin C
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Slow clotting of blood is deficiency of?
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Vitamin K
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What doe biochemical tests do?
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Allow for detection of malnutrition before appearance
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what is job of serum albumin level?
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measures main protein in blood, determine protein status
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What are two biochemical tests?
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Serum albumin, serum transferrin, BUN, Serum creatinine
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What does serum transferrin measure?
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indicates iron carrying protein in blood, indicates low iron or lack of protein
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What does BUN test indicate
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renal failure, insufficient renal blood supply or blockage of urinary tract
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What does serum creatinine levels indicate
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amount of cratinine in blood, evaluate renal function
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What are some other bio tests?
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Hgb, Hct, RBC's, WBC's, lipid profile, urinalysis
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What are some evaluations of food habits?
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24 hour recall(not accurate) food diary, computer diet analysis
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What is a balanced diet?
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all essential nutrients in appropriate amounts, preserves promote good health
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What are dietary guidelines for Americans
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adequate nutrients w/in caloric needs, weight managment, excercise, food groups, less than 10% from sat fats, carbs(fiber rich) less than 2300 mg sodium, alcholic beverages, food safety
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When did food labeling start?
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1994, Nutrition Labeling and Education Act, objective to ensure labels provide consistent info
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Food labeling
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FDA sets health claims, determines serving sizes, standardizes descriptive terms
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What's required on food labeling?
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total calories, calories from fat, total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, sodium, total carbs, dietary fiber, sugars, protein, Vit A, Vit C, calcium, Iron
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Food Customs
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habits based on nationality, culture and religion
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Can foods available in certain areas favored?
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Yes, b/c of economic reasons
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Does economic/social status contribute to food habits
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yes
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What foods are associated with Native Americans
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corn, potatoes, squash, cranberries, pumpkins, beans, wild rice and cocoa beans. Wild fruits, game and fish. Prepared as soups/stews or dried
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What foods are found in southern diets?
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corn bread, biscuits, grits, rice, sweet potatoes, squash, watermelon, oranges, peaches, fried fish, lima beans, green beans, cookd w/pork barbecued or stewed meats and poultry. Lacks iron, calcium, and vit a/c
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What foods are found in hispanic diets
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beans, rice, chili peppers, tomatoes and tortillas:corn/flour. Lacks vit c
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Puerto Rican foods consists of:
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rice beans peppers plantains tomatoes, bananas pineapple, mangoes, papayas chicken beef/pork. Lack vit c
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Chinese diet consists of?
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rice soybeans eggs dairy rice peas beans curry, some vegetarians,
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Japanese diet consists of?
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rice soybean paste curd veggies fruits fish, tempura style, lacks milk. Def in calcium and lots of salt
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What does Indian diet consist of?
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eggs dairy products rice peas beans and curry. Vegatarian diet,
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Thai, Vietnamese, Laotian, Cambodian
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rice curries veggies fruit, fish/meat used rarely. Lack adequate protein/calcium
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Jewish diet consists of
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Ortho follow dietary
Conservative follow in home Reform doesnt follow any |
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What are Jewish dietary laws
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Kosher: qualified person slaughters, not prepared w/ milk or milk products, dishes used for meat/dairy kept separate
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Kosher laws
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dairy/meat not eaten together, mouth rinsed b/t fish/meat, fasting, no cooking on sabbath
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Roman Cath, Eastern Orthodox
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Roman - meat not allowed on Ash Wed/Fri during lent
EO - includes christians, midd east, russia greece, meat/dairy restricted: wed, fri, lent/advent |
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7th Day Adventist/Mormon
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lacto ovo vegetarians, use milk/dairy/eggs no meat, fish, poultry. Nuts, beans, tofu, no coffee tea alcohol
Mormon - coffee, tea alcohol prohibited |
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Islamic/Hindu
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pork/alcohol prohibited, other meat slaughtered by specific laws. Ramadan no eating/drinkin during daylight
HIndu - all life sacred, vegetarians |
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Vegatarians
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lacto ovo - dairy/eggs no meat
lacto - use dairy, no meat Vegans - avoid all animal foods, lack calcium, vit a d b12 |
