Diet 214 Chapter 16

Front 1

Cluster of medical and health care approaches, methods, and items not associated with conventional medicine

Back 1

Complementary and alternative medicine

Front 2

What is a significant component of health care in U.S.?

Back 2

Complementary and alternative medicine

Front 3

NCCAM

Back 3

National Center for Complementary and Alternative Medicine

Front 4

Non-Western healing approaches used at same time as conventional medicine

Back 4

Complementary medicine

Front 5

complementary medicine is used at the same time as __________.

Back 5

conventional medicine

Front 6

Replaces conventional medical treatment

Back 6

Alternative medicine

Front 7

Merges conventional medical therapies with CAM modalities for which safety and efficacy, based on scientific data, demonstrated

Back 7

Integrative medicine

Front 8

________________ available under direction of physicians and other conventional health professionals

Back 8

Hospital-based integrative medical centers

Front 9

According to NCCAM, What 5 categories are complementary and alternative medicine divided into?

Back 9

1. Alternative medical systems
2. Mind-body interventions
3. Biologically based therapies
4. Manipulative and body-based methods
5. Energy therapies

Front 10

_____________develop outside mainstream _______ medical approaches

Back 10

*Alternative medical systems
*Western

Front 11

Alternative Medical Approaches are based on ___________ incorporating distinctive ________ and ___________.

Back 11

*holistic structures
*philosophies
*applications

Front 12

Alternative medical systems evolving from Eastern cultures include:
1.
2.

Back 12

1.Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM)
2. Ayurveda (Asian Indian derivation)

Front 13

_______________: System based on forces of nature through fundamental concept of ____ & _____.

Back 13

*Traditional Chinese Medicine
*yin & yang

Front 14

In the Traditional Chinese Medicine what causes illness?

Back 14

imbalance of yin & yang as opposites

Front 15

What are some examples of Traditional Chinese Medicine?

Back 15

therapeutic modalities: acupuncture
massage
meditation
incense
diet
herbs
T’ai chi (exercise of slow movements)

Front 16

Focuses on diet and herbal remedies emphasizing use of body, mind, and spirit to prevent and treat disorders

Back 16

Ayurveda

Front 17

Western cultures produce alternative:
1.
2.

Back 17

1. Naturopathic medicine
2. Homeopathic medicine

Front 18

Use of body’s natural healing forces to recover from disease and achieve wellness

Back 18

Naturopathic medicine

Front 19

What are some examples of techniques for naturopathic medicine? (4)

Back 19

acupuncture
exercise
massage
dietary alterations

Front 20

What theory is Homeopathic medicine based on?

Back 20

“like cures like”

Front 21

Small amount of diluted substance prescribed to relieve symptoms for which same substance, given in larger amounts, cause same symptoms

Back 21

theory of "cures like cures"

Front 22

True or False:
Although medications prescribed usually do not interfere with conventional medications, patients should not reveal use of homeopathic treatments to health care providers

Back 22

False

Front 23

Focus to expand mind’s ability to influence physical functions

Back 23

Mind-body interventions

Front 24

What are examples of mind-body interventions?

Back 24

meditation
faith healing or prayer
biofeedback
therapies influencing behavior through creative approaches of music, dance, and art therapy

Front 25

Self-directed technique of relaxing body and calming mind through guided imagery and rhythmic breathing

Back 25

Meditation

Front 26

Healing by invoking divine intervention without use of conventional or surgical therapy

Back 26

Faith healing

Front 27

Enable person to use special devices to consciously control heart rate, blood pressure, skin temperature, and muscle relaxation

Back 27

Biofeedback

Front 28

Encompass materials found in nature including nutrients, food, and herbs

Back 28

Biologically based therapies

Front 29

What is incorporated in biologically based therapies?

Back 29

dietary supplements
alternative dietary patterns aromatherapy,
alternative natural treatments such as shark cartilage for cancer treatment

Front 30

What is a Macrobiotic Diet?

Back 30

low fat, high fiber

Front 31

What is included in a macrobiotic diet?

Back 31

50-60% Whole grains
Organic foods
Minimal animal products
Exclude fatty foods, milk products, processed foods
Beneficial for cancer patients

Front 32

using extracts of herbs, flowers, in form of oils to support health

Back 32

Aromatherapy

Front 33

Involve manipulation or movements of body parts

Back 33

Manipulative and body-based methods

Front 34

What are examples of body-based/manipulative methods?

Back 34

Osteopathic or chiropractic manipulation, massage, and bodywork

Front 35

___________ manipulate energy fields

Back 35

Energy therapies

Front 36

merges breathing regulation, movement, meditation to increase life force in the body

Back 36

Qi gong

Front 37

universal life; healing spirit heals body

Back 37

reiki

Front 38

laying on of hands

Back 38

therapeutic touch

Front 39

What are examples of biofield therapies?

Back 39

Qi gong
reiki
therapeutic touch
bioelectromagentic therapies

Front 40

Substances consumed orally as addition to dietary intake

Back 40

dietary supplements

Front 41

What may dietary supplements include? (8)

Back 41

Minerals, vitamins, amino acids, herbs, plant extracts, enzymes, metabolites, and organ tissues

Front 42

Dietary supplements processed into various forms like? (9)

Back 42

tablets, liquids, capsules, extracts, powders, concentrates, gel caps, liquids, and powders

Front 43

Under the _______________, dietary supplements considered ______, not ______.

Back 43

Dietary Supplement Act of 1994
*foods
*drugs

Front 44

Are vitamin and supplements necessary? why?

Back 44

no, all nutrients can be consumed through food

Front 45

__________ may be safety net for poor dietary intake

Back 45

Supplements

Front 46

Who are additional vitamin/supplements recommended for? and Which vitamins?

Back 46

*subgroups within the population
*Vitamin D and Calcium

Front 47

Range of dietary supplements expanded from _______ and _________ to diverse selection of substances including ______, protein powders, _____________, natural and synthetic energy, and _____________.

Back 47

*vitamins and minerals
*herbs
* fatty acid capsules
*growth enhancers

Front 48

What does DSHEA stand for?

Back 48

Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994

Front 49

to work

Back 49

å arbeide, arbeider, arbeidet, har arbeidet

Hint 49

ffff

Front 50

DSHEA establishes definition of dietary supplements as products that adds to dietary intake and contains one or more of following: (5)

Back 50

1. A vitamin or a mineral
2. An herb or other botanical
3. An amino acid
4. A dietary substance for use by man to supplement diet by increasing the total dietary intake
5. A concentrate, metabolite, constituent, extract, or a combination of preceding ingredients

Front 51

Based on definition, dietary supplements considered ________ which affects regulation _______ approval process

Back 51

*foods
*easing

Front 52

________________ oversees regulation of dietary supplements

Back 52

U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

Front 53

Labeling of dietary supplements must follow format for_______________.

Back 53

nutrition labeling

Front 54

What must labels of dietary supplements contain?

Back 54

1. May include approved statements of health claims such as on food labels
2. Other health-related claims may be made about effect of supplement on “structure or function” of body as well as on “general well-being”
3. Claims related to reducing nutrient deficiency diseases acceptable

Front 55

In addition, if claims made, label must include statement:
“This statement has _____ been evaluated by the ______________. This product is not intended to ______, treat, ______, or prevent any disease.”

Back 55

*not
*Food and Drug Administration
*diagnose
*cure

Front 56

Development of _____________ continues because of several factors:
1. ___________ concerned about health
2. __________ cost of health care
3. _____________ regarding health
4. Continued evidence of dietary intake effect on ______________ and ________.
5. Changes in food regulation appear to support expanded growth of ___________ and ____________.

Back 56

*functional foods
*Aging population
* Increased
*Growth of self-care
*disease prevention and treatment
*dietary supplements and functional foods

Front 57

Physiologically active substances added to foods

Back 57

Functional foods

Front 58

____________: Generally regarded as foods that provide ________ by containing ________________.

Back 58

*functional foods
*good health
*physiologically active food components

Front 59

Functional foods may be modified to increase nutrient density including _______, ________, or ___________.

Back 59

fortified
enriched
enhanced foods

Front 60

Some functional food components marketed as dietary supplements, such as ____________.

Back 60

herb-enriched beverages

Front 61

Drug-nutrient interactions have potential to: (5)

Back 61

1. Reduce drug efficacy
2. Interfere with disease control
3. Foster nutritional deficiencies
4. Influence food intake
5. Provoke toxic reaction

Front 62

Dietary supplements may act as ______, Particularly when patients take many ________.

Back 62

*drugs
*medications

Front 63

All drugs produce _________ effects

Back 63

physiologic

Front 64

Some effects unintended (__________) constituting risks of medication use

Back 64

(side effects)

Front 65

Amount and rate of drug absorption can be affected by ________ and timing of food intake

Back 65

*composition
*timing of food intake

Front 66

What 3 things can be altered by medication?

Back 66

1. food intake
2. absorption
3. medication

Front 67

What is TJC? and What do they recommend?

Back 67

1. The Joint Commission
2. evaluation of drug and diet combinations

Front 68

What characterisitics does etermination of risk for drug-nutrient reactions depends on? (5)

Back 68

1. Age
2. Physiologic status
3. Multiple drug intake
4. Hepatic and renal function
5. Typical dietary intake

Front 69

Who is more at risk for drug-nutrient reaction?

Back 69

older adults

Front 70

Why are older adults more at risk for drug-nutrient reaction?

Back 70

1. Greater variety of medications used
2. Reduced physiologic functioning affecting drug use
3. Often experience several different disorders simultaneously
4. High rate of drug reactions noted among older adults may be caused by combination of factors, including drug misuse or overuse

Front 71

True or False:

Young children can be affected by drug-nutrient reactions.

Back 71

True

Front 72

How can children be affected by drug-nutrient reactions?

Back 72

Use of vitamins/minerals, dietary supplements, and OTC medications intended for adults can result in drug-nutrient reactions

Front 73

Substances _________ differently by developing body systems

Back 73

metabolized

Front 74

Physiologically, Drug-nutrient reactions increases because of? (4)

Back 74

1. GI tract disorders and reduced hepatic and renal functioning
2. Postoperative trauma or injury
3. Age
4. During pregnancy use of medications requires caution

Front 75

GI tract disorders and reduced hepatic and renal functioning from drug-nutrient reactions impairs ability to _________, _______, ________ nutrients & medications.

Back 75

1. absorb
2. metabolize
3. excrete

Front 76

How drug-nutrient reactions affect age?
1. Alters ___________ as body matures
2. Drug doses vary depending on ________and __________ as aspect of age-related physiologic status

Back 76

1. physiologic status
2. weight and metabolic function

Front 77

Polypharmacy

Back 77

multiple drug intake

Front 78

Certain types of illness or disease groups tend to require combinations of therapeutic drugs plus other medications, including OTC drugs, for relief of symptoms

Back 78

Polypharmacy

Front 79

Polypharmacy resulting drug-nutrient reactions may be related to _____________ or be ____________.

Back 79

*disease itself
*reaction to medications

Front 80

With polypharmacy, If other acute disorders develop, combination of medications may affect __________ or _________.

Back 80

nutrient availability or function

Front 81

With medications, _______________ better able to withstand medical regimen affecting nutrient functioning

Back 81

Well-nourished individual

Front 82

With medications, individuals ____________or __________ in nutrient intake more at risk for complications of drug-nutrient reactions. Why?

Back 82

malnourished or marginally deficient
*Body’s stores of nutrients diminished

Front 83

True or False:

Many OTC medications originally prescription medications now available without prescriptions

Back 83

True

Front 84

With over-the-counter medications, Although dose is _____ than when prescription drug, interactions with other medications, foods, nutrients, and supplements such as herbs may occur

Back 84

lower

Front 85

What can drugs alter? (4)

Back 85

food intake, nutrient absorption, metabolism, and excretion

Front 86

What is included in the term "drugs"? (3)

Back 86

Drugs include prescription medications, OTC drugs, and even alcohol

Front 87

Mineral status can be affected by drugs, resulting in either________ or ________.

Back 87

depletion or overload

Front 88

Mineral status _________ may occur from simultaneous use of several medications, each having side effect of mineral depletion

Back 88

depletion

Front 89

Mineral __________ may occur in which ______ function compromised when potassium-sparing diuretics and potassium supplements used

Back 89

Overload
*renal

Front 90

Medications also can alter food intake by: _____________, __________ or __________, further decreasing appetite

Back 90

1. Acting as appetite depressants or stimulants
2. altering taste sensations
3. producing nausea and vomiting

Front 91

__________ and ________ rate of drug itself may interfere with nutrient metabolism and excretion

Back 91

Metabolic
excretion

Front 92

Certain medications act as ____________, preventing vitamins from completing metabolic functions

Back 92

vitamin antagonists,

Front 93

True or False:
Foods and nutrients may affect drug action, producing uncomfortable side effects

Back 93

True

Front 94

Serious adverse side effects associated with ______________.

Back 94

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)

Front 95

What does MAOI stand for? and what do they treat?

Back 95

monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs)
*depression

Front 96

Patients taking MAOIs should avoid foods and drugs containing ________.

Back 96

tyramine

Front 97

What complications may patients taking MAOIS consuming tyramine have?

Back 97

1. increased blood pressure
2. headache
3. pallor
4. heart palpitations leading to life-threatening hypertension

Front 98

Medications can also alter food intake by: (3)

Back 98

1. Acting as appetite depressants or stimulants
2. Altering taste sensations
3. Producing nausea and vomiting

Front 99

Medications may cause additional nutrition problems by affecting GI tract ______ or GI tract _____, changing nutrient ________.

Back 99

*motility
*pH
*absorption

Front 100

Metabolic and excretion rate of ____ may interfere with ________ metabolism and excretion

Back 100

*drug
*nutrient

Front 101

Nutrient metabolism affected by ___________ competing metabolically with vitamin

Back 101

vitamin analogs

Front 102

What medication acts as a vitamin antagonist? Which vitamin does it affect?

Back 102

*Warfarin (Coumadin) anticoagulant
*Vitamin K

Front 103

Medications must be _______ to have _________ effect

Back 103

*absorbed
*therapeutic

Front 104

_________, or lack thereof, in addition to _____________ may affect drug absorption

Back 104

Food intake
food composition

Front 105

________ of drug administration and meals also clinical significance

Back 105

Timing

Front 106

If absorption of medicine increased by presence of food
Medication should be taken _______ or ________.

Back 106

with meal or snack

Front 107

If drug absorption depressed by presence of food when is the optimum absorption?

Back 107

1 hour before or 2 hours after eating or tube feeding

Front 108

Established ___________ schedules in health care facilities often conflict with optimal drug __________.

Back 108

*drug administration
*bioavailability

Front 109

True or false:
Herbs do not have significant effects on bioavailability of foods, nutrients, and drugs

Back 109

false