Diet 204 Test 3

Front 1

characterized by rapid increase in gross and fine motor skills

Back 1

toddlers

Front 2

characterized by increasing autonomy, broader social circumstances , increasing language skills and expanding self control

Back 2

preschool -age children

Front 3

During toddler and preschool years, adequate nutrition is required to ?

Back 3

achieve full growth and development

Front 4

under-nutrition impairs ____ and ability to explore the environment

Back 4

cognition

Front 5

From birth to 1 year, average infant ____ his birth weight

Back 5

triples

Front 6

Toddlers gain ___ oz and grow ___ inch per month

Back 6

8 oz and 0.4 inches

Front 7

Preschoolers gain ___ lbs and grown ___ inch per year

Back 7

4.4 lb and 2.75 inches

Front 8

How do we monitor children's growth?

Back 8

use calibrated scales and height board

Front 9

How do we measure a toddler under the age of 2 years?

Back 9

weighed without clothes or diaper and determine recumbent length

Front 10

How do we measure a child over 2 years ?

Back 10

weighed with light clothing and measure stature with no shoes

Front 11

the length of toddles of less that 24 months ( or 2 years) are measured in the _______

Back 11

recumbent position

Front 12

The 2000 CDC growth charts are ____ and ___

Back 12

gender and age specific

Front 13

What are the two age specific ranges for the CDC growth charts?

Back 13

birth to 36 months, and 2-20 years

Front 14

What 4 thing does the CDC growth charts monitor for?

Back 14

weight-for-age, length or stature-for-age, weight for length or stature , and BMI for age

Front 15

What are common problems with measuring and plotting growth data?

Back 15

error in measuring may result in errors in health status assessment ; use of calibrated equipment and plotting accuracy are vital

Front 16

A time of expanding physical and development

Back 16

toddlers

Front 17

Walking begins as a "____", improving in balance and agility

Back 17

toddle

Front 18

Toddler progress by month :
15 =
18 =
24 =
30 =
36 =

Back 18

15- crawl upstairs
18 - run stiffly
24 - walk up stairs one foot at a time
30- alternate feet going up stairs
36- ride a tricycle

Front 19

Toddlers ___ around parents, they transition from self-centered to more interactive

Back 19

orbit

Front 20

toddlers should speak ____ words at 18 months

Back 20

10-15

Front 21

at 2 years a toddler should speak ___

Back 21

100 words

Front 22

by 3 years a toddler should be able to speak in ______

Back 22

3 word sentences

Front 23

becaues of the cognitive development of toddlers _____ are common

Back 23

temper tantrums

Front 24

gross and fine motor development have improved

Back 24

in toddlers

Front 25

at 9-10 months ____ begins

Back 25

weaning bottle

Front 26

at 12-14 months ___ .

Back 26

completely weaned

Front 27

at 12 months they have _____

Back 27

refined pincer

Front 28

at 18-24 monthes ____

Back 28

able to use tongue to clean lips and has developed rotary chewing

Front 29

During the development of feeding ____ is vital to prevent choking

Back 29

adult supervision

Front 30

What are the feeding behaviors of toddlers? (5)

Back 30

1. rituals in feeding are common
2. may have strong preferences and dislikes
3. food jags are common
4. serve new foods with familiar foods and when child is hungry
5. toddlers imitate parents and older siblings

Front 31

slowing growth results from a _____

Back 31

decreased appetite

Front 32

Toddler size potions average ____ per year of age.

Back 32

1 tablespoon

Front 33

_______ are needed but avoid grazing on sugary foods that limit appetite for basic foods at meals

Back 33

nutritient dense snakcs

Front 34

preschool age children have a ____ view point

Back 34

egocentric - they cannot accept another's point of view

Front 35

What are the components of the preschool age child's cognitive development? (5)

Back 35

1. egocentric
2. learning to set limits for himself
3. cooperative and organized group play
4. vocabulary expands to >2000 words
5. begins using complete sentences

Front 36

What are the feeding skills of a preschool age child? (4)

Back 36

1. can use a fork, spook and cup
2. spills occur less frequently
3. foods should be cut into bite sized pieces
4. adult supervision still required

Front 37

What are the feeding behaviors of a preschool age child (3)

Back 37

1. appetite related to growth
2. appetite increases prior to the "spurts" of growth
3. include child in meal selection and preparation

Front 38

Children adjust caloric intake to meet their _____

Back 38

caloric needs (preschool age children)

Front 39

Avoid encouraging ______

Back 39

your child to clean their plate

Front 40

Healthful eating habits must be learned during __________

Back 40

the preschool age stage

Front 41

pre-school age children may prefer familiar foods. Serve them ______

Back 41

child size portions

Front 42

Make foods ____ for preschool aged children; control the amount eaten between meals to ensure appetite for basic foods

Back 42

attractive

Front 43

____ and ___ may not be accepted by pre-school aged children

Back 43

strong flavored or spicey foods

Front 44

The behavioral style of the children

Back 44

temperament

Front 45

What are the 3 main temperaments?

Back 45

1. 40% easy - adapts to regular schedules and accepts new foods
2. 10% difficult - slow to adapt and may be negative to new foods
3.15% slow to warm up - slowly adaptablility negative to new foods but can learn to accept new foods

Front 46

What are the remaining styles of temperaments?

Back 46

intermediate low to intermediate high with a mixture of behaviors

Front 47

What is the food preference development, appetite and satiety or preschool-age children?

Back 47

1. prefer sweet and slightly salty; they reject sour and bitter foods
2. eat familiar foods
3. may need 8-10 exposures to new food before acceptance
4. food intake is related to parent's preferences

Front 48

Consumption of foods high in sugar and or fat before meals __________

Back 48

decreases intake of basic foods

Front 49

offering large portions increases _____ and may promote _______

Back 49

food intake and obesity

Front 50

Restriction of palatable foods increases ______for the food

Back 50

preference

Front 51

What is the parent or caretakers responsibility when feeding?

Back 51

"what" children are offered to eat and the environment inw hich food is served including when and where foods are offered

Front 52

What are the child's responsibilities when feeding?

Back 52

how much they eat and whether they eat a particular meal or snack

Front 53

What are common nutrition problems in young children and infancy?

Back 53

iron deficiency anemia, dental caries, constipation, lead poisoning, food security, and food safety

Front 54

may cause delays in cognitive development and behavioral disturbances; diagnosed by hematocrit and or hemoglobin concentration

Back 54

iron deficiency anemia

Front 55

how do you prevent iron defiiciency?

Back 55

1. limit milk consumption to 24 oz /d since milk is a poor source of iron
2. infants at risk should be tested at 9 to 12 months . 6 months later and annually from ages 2 to 5

Front 56

What is the nutrition intervention for iron deficency?

Back 56

iron supplements , counseling with parents, and repeat screening

Front 57

What is the preavlence of dental carries?

Back 57

1 in 5 children ages 2 to 4

Front 58

What are the causes of dental carries?

Back 58

1. bedtime bottle with juice or milk
2. streptoccous mutans
3. sticky carbohydrate foods

Front 59

how do we prevent dental caries?

Back 59

fluoride - supplemental amounts vary by age and fluoride content of water supply

Front 60

hard dry stools associated with painful bowel movements

Back 60

constipation

Front 61

what are the causes of constipation?

Back 61

stool holding and diet

Front 62

how to prevent constipation?

Back 62

adequate fiber

Front 63

low levels of ____ are linked to lower IQ and behavioral problems

Back 63

lead exposure

Front 64

high blood levels of lead my drease ____

Back 64

growth

Front 65

redue lead poisoning by elminiating soures of lead and maintain adequate ___ and ___ status

Back 65

calicum and iron status

Front 66

access at all time to sufficient supple of safe , nutritious foods

Back 66

food security

Front 67

insecurity of foods are more common in _____

Back 67

minority populations

Front 68

a concern for growing children since food insecurity may _____ and ____

Back 68

hinder growth and development

Front 69

Young children are vunerable to _____

Back 69

food poisoning

Front 70

What are the food safety practices by fightBAC?

Back 70

1. clean- wash hands and surfaces often
2. separate - dont cross contaminate
3. cook - cook to proper temperature
4. chilll - refrigerate promptly

Front 71

How to prevent nutrition-related disorders?

Back 71

1. prevention and treatment of overweight and obesity
2. nutrition and prevention of cardiovascular disease
3. vitamin and mineral supplements
4. herbal supplements

Front 72

BMI is lowest from ages _____ ,

Back 72

4-6 years

Front 73

- normal increase in BMI that occurs after BMI declines

Back 73

adiposity rebound

Front 74

Best treatment is allowing child to _________ for overweight and obesity

Back 74

grow into his or her height

Front 75

Limit _____ , ____ , and ____ for the nutrition and prevention of cardiovascular disease

Back 75

dietary saturated fats, trans fat, and cholesterol

Front 76

What are the accepatble fat ranges for a child of 1-3 years?

Back 76

30-40% of calories from fat

Front 77

What is the accepatble fat ranges for a child 4-18 years?

Back 77

25-35% of calories form fat

Front 78

For children at high risk of CVD. limit saturated fat to ____ of calories and cholesterol to ____

Back 78

<7 % ,and <200 mg

Front 79

A varied diet provides ____ and ____ children need.

Back 79

all vitamins and minerals

Front 80

What groups does the AAP recommend supplements for children? (4)

Back 80

1. from deprived families
2. with anorexia, poor appetites or poor diets
3. who consume only a few types of foods
4. who are vegetarians and do consume dairy

Front 81

What is the normal saturated fat level?

Back 81

10%

Front 82

What is the normal cholesterol level?

Back 82

300 mg

Front 83

Parents who take herbs are likely to what?

Back 83

give them to their children

Front 84

Advise parents of potential risks of herbal therapies and the need to closely monitor __________

Back 84

the child if given supplements

Front 85

What are the DG for infants and young children ?

Back 85

offer a variety of foods, limiting foods high in fat and sugar . 60 minutes of vigorous physical activity each day

Front 86

What does FITS stand for?

Back 86

feeding infants and toddler studies

Front 87

____ and ____ children tend to have lower growth rates but remain within normal ranges

Back 87

vegan and macrobiotic

Front 88

Nearly ___ of preschool age children attend a child care program

Back 88

nearly

Front 89

standards for children vary state by state

Back 89

true

Front 90

offer food at intervals not less than ___ and no more than ____

Back 90

2 hours and no more than 3 hours

Front 91

Children need at least ___ minutes of play activity each day

Back 91

60

Front 92

What is the Model program for infants and child nutrition?

Back 92

bright futures in practice: nutrition

Front 93

What are some food and nutrition programs for infant and child nutrition?

Back 93

1. WIC
2. WIC's farmer's market nutrition program
3. head start and early head start
4. food stamps

Front 94

infants and children with or at risk for physical or developmental disabilities. or chronic medical conditions from genetic or metabolic disorders, birth defects , premature births, trauma infection, or prenatal exposure to drugs

Back 94

children with special health care needs

Front 95

disorder of health or development that is unlikely to change

Back 95

chronic condition

Front 96

Criteria for chronic condition or disability varies from state to state

Back 96

true

Front 97

Estimates ranges for children with special health care needs range from ____ to ____ of children

Back 97

5% -31%

Front 98

What is eligibility for early intervention services based on? (3)

Back 98

1. developmental delays
2. physical or mental condition with a high probability of delay
3. At risk medically or environmentally for substantial delay without services

Front 99

what are different types of developmental delays?

Back 99

cognitive, physical, language and speech, psychological , or self-help skills

Front 100

Many DRI's apply to toddlers and preschoolers with chronic conditions but specific conditions require _____.

Back 100

adjustments

Front 101

chronic conditions in toddlers and preschoolers may cause _____ and ______.

Back 101

poor appetite and increased caloric needs

Front 102

chronic conditions in toddlers and preschoolers may also cause _____ and ______.

Back 102

overweight or underweight

Front 103

Caloric and nutritent recommendations should be _____ for each child

Back 103

customized

Front 104

_____ should be the first step to determine if nutrition services are needed

Back 104

nutrition assessment

Front 105

What question does assessment answer?

Back 105

1. is child's growth on track?
2. is child's diet adequate?
3. are feeding or eating skills age appropriate?
4. does diagnosis affect nutritional needs?

Front 106

Interpretation of growth charts should consider ____

Back 106

special health conditions.

Front 107

What do growth charts specific to some conditions include?

Back 107

1. LBW or VLBW
2. special head growth chart

Front 108

______ cause feeding problems in young children combined with typical feeding issues of the average toddler or preschooler

Back 108

Special health care needs

Front 109

mealtime feeding problems are common with toddlers and preschool with ________ and _______

Back 109

behavioral and attention disorders

Front 110

low impulse control and short attention span with and without a high level of overall activity

Back 110

attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Front 111

What are other feeding problems?

Back 111

1. excessive fluid intake
2. feeding problems and food safety
3. feeding problems from disabilities involving neuro-muscular control

Front 112

What are (6) nutrition related conditions?

Back 112

1. Failure to thrive
2. toddler diarrhea and celiac disease
3. autism
4. muscle coordination problems and cerebral palsy
5. pulmonary problems
6. developmental delay and evaluations

Front 113

What may failure to thrive result from?

Back 113

1. digestive problems
2. asthma or breathing problems
3. neurological conditions
4. pediatric AIDS

Front 114

typically caused by sucrose and sorbitol content of fruit juices

Back 114

"toddler diarrhea"

Front 115

____ results in diarrhea and caused by sensitivity to the protein gluten found in wheat and other grains

Back 115

celiac disease

Front 116

no scientifically proven diet is recommended for prevention or treatment. gluten free and casein free diets have been recommended

Back 116

autism

Front 117

group of disorders characterized by impaired muscle activity and coordination present at birth or developed during early childhood

Back 117

cerebral palsy

Front 118

spastic quadripegia

Back 118

a form of cerebral palsy

Front 119

reduced dietary intake results from child easily becomming tired while eating

Back 119

muscle coordination problems and cerebral palsy

Front 120

What are examples of pulmonary problems?

Back 120

brochopulmonary dysplasia and asthma

Front 121

_____ increase nutrient needs , lower interest in eating, and can slow growth

Back 121

breathing problems

Front 122

_____ are at high risk of breaking problems

Back 122

preterm infants

Front 123

Child is considered to be developmentally delayed when there is at least a ___ delay in one or more areas of development; it may result from iron deficiency or lead toxicity; and physical growth may be impacted

Back 123

25%

Front 124

parents should be cautioned about the use of supplements and or herbs to treat vvarious conditions

Back 124

true

Front 125

often unproven recommendations come from support groups or the internet

Back 125

true

Front 126

Name 3 sources of nutrition services?

Back 126

1. state programs
2. early childhood education programs (IDEA)
3. WIC
4. low birthweight follow up

Front 127

condition in which the part of the brain controlling movement of the legs is damaged, interfering with muscle control and ambulation

Back 127

diplegia

Front 128

acquired immonodeficiency syndrome in which infection fighting abilities of the body are destroyed by a virus

Back 128

pediatric aids

Front 129

condition in which a genetic change on the X chromosome results in severe neurological delays, causing children to be short, thin-appearing and unable to talk

Back 129

rett syndrome

Front 130

condition in which a genetically charged chromosome 7 interferes with all the xocrine functions in the body but particulalrly pulmonary complications causing chronic illness

Back 130

cystic fiberosis

Front 131

condition in which partial deletion of chrmosome 15 interferes with control of appetite muscle development and cognition

Back 131

prader wili syndrome

Front 132

condition in which the underdeveloped lungs in a preterm infant are damged so that breating requires extra effort

Back 132

bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD)

Front 133

viral or bacterial infection in the central nervous system that is liekly to cause a range of long term consequences in infancy, such as mental retardation blindness and hearing loss

Back 133

meningitis

Front 134

condiditons of the nervous system characterized by difficulty with voluntary or involuntary control of muscle movement

Back 134

neuromuscular disorders

Front 135

condition characterized by low muscle tone, floppiness or muscle weakness

Back 135

hypotonia

Front 136

condition characterized by high muscle tone stiffness or spasticitiy

Back 136

hypertonia

Front 137

form of enteral nutrition support for delivering nutrition by tube directly into the stomach bypassing the mouth through a surfical procedure that creates an opening through the abdominal wall and stomach

Back 137

gastrostomy

Front 138

condition in which the lungs are unable to exchange air due to a lack of expansion of air sacs it can result in a chronic illness and sometimes unconsciousness and death if not treated

Back 138

asthma

Front 139

substaintially below average intelligence and problems in adapting to the environment which emerge before age 18 years

Back 139

mental retardation

Front 140

sudden onset of a reaction with mild to severe symptoms, including a decrease in ability to breathe which may be severe enough to cause a come

Back 140

anaphylaxis

Front 141

What are some food s that are commonn in food alergies?

Back 141

milk eggs wheat peanuts walnuts soy and fish