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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Figurines of Standing Women
Slide #1 |
Valdivia, Lithic 4000 - 1800 BC
- fertility symbols - "Venus of Valdivia": short arms curved toward body, pregnant stomachs - abstract facial features: not individualized |
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Gourd with engraved geometric human faces
Slides #2,3 |
Huaca Prieta, North Coast, Cotton Pre-Ceramic 2600 - 2300 BC
- no pots, so gourds were used - preserved because dry coastal conditions - angular and abstract faces - bird and snake imagery - spiral: may represent water |
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Feline relief on platform mound
Slide #1 |
Cupisnique (Huaca de los Reyes- Caballo Muerto Complex), North Coast, Initial Period 1500 - 400 BC (**predates chavin by 600 yrs but overlaps)
- fangs up and down - downward turned mouth - upturned nose - religious building: possible shamanic reference |
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Cerro Sechin site plan
Slide #2 |
Cerro Sechin, North Coast, Initial Period 1700 - 900 BC
- walled temple - restricted access + maze-like structure - retaining wall: tall and short stones representing victors and losers: representation of general battle prowess and power - ceremonial site - sunken courtyard: closer to underworld |
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Retaining Wall Relief
Slide #3 |
Cerro Sechin, North Coast, Initial Period 1700 - 900 BC
- warrior figure holding a mace, wearing hat to indicate status - faces in profile, facing the single entry point in the wall - low relief: "Ukhu" (essence) - need to be close to see image: even if youre unable to see images, it is important that it is there
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Severed heads, arms, legs on retaining wall
Slides #4,5 |
Cerro Sechin, North Coast, Initial Period 1700 - 900 BC
- downturned eyelids symoblizing death - blood flowing from eyes - representation of power in battle |
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Old Temple layout
Slide #1 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- U-shaped temple facing up-valley from a water source - surrounds lanzon - stepped pyramid - sunken courtyard could hold 1000 people - hidden passageways + restricted access - pilgrimage site |
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Lanzon
Slide #2 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- misnamed "the big lance", actually a digging stick that represents agriculture - relates upper and lower worlds: partially below ground and through ceiling, engraved figure pointing up and down - jaguar / raptorial bird imagery - pendant eyes - ayahuasca vine - image not visible from any one perspective ("Ukhu" / essence) |
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Jaguar relief in sunken court
Slide #3 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- Pairs of jaguars facing each other: "Ayni" = duality / mirror images (looking into another world) - jaguars not native to coast, so indicates special relationship with rich jungle - spiral shapes reference water - typical jaguar imagery |
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Shaman Relief in sunken court
Slide #4 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- shaman holding san pedro cactus - braided snake hair (braids: "Ayni") - jaguar / bird imagery |
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Teo Obelisk
Slide #5 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- large stone with hard-to-percieve images - "horror vacui" = fear of empty space - images cover entire surface - main image is of a cayman, which may refer to amarus, a composite dragon figure which would bring the gift of cultivated plants - references animals and plants from all Andes ecosystems (cactus, tubers, peppers, shells, etc.) - possibly male and female cayman due to different shell types - teeth representing spine |
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Strombus and Spondylus Relief
Slide #6 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- typical jaguar / bird imagery - shaman holding one spondylus and one strombus shells |
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Male and Female figures in black and white portal
Slides #7,8 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- entryway made of light and dark stones - bird figures with jaguar teeth - male = eagle, female = hawk - genitalia either a single fang (male) or vagina dentata - duality (dark / light, male / female, two columns) - Ukhu / essence |
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Tenon heads
Slide #9 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- represent transformation of shaman in 4 stages ("pachakuti" = transformation) - runny nose (side effect of hallucinogens) - appear to be floating but are attached to bricks in wall |
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Raimandi Stela
Slide #10 |
Chavin (Chavin de Huantar site), Central Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- staff god - Ayni / duality: inverted images, double readings of the figure (right side up = standing on earth, upside down = descending from heaven) - jaguar / bird / snake imagery - low relief (Ukhu) |
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Staff God textile
Slide #11 |
Karwa, South Coast, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- borrowed many chavin symbols (indigenizing), but focus on cotton and female imagery - Chavin carved stone, Karwa wove textiles - crown most likely cotton plant - textiles highly portable: method of spreading Chavin imagery - typical staff god imagery |
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Stirrup bottle with backward facing jaguar
Slide #12 |
Cupisnique, North Coast, Early Horizon 1500 - 400 AD
- Cupisnique known for its black pots - Stirrup vessel = Tincu (convergence) - backwards glance refers to mirror image of supernatural world - jaguar in cave = portal to underworld (liminal space) - water as means of transport to other world - volutes represent water, also images seen while hallucinating - san pedro cactus |
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mortar and pestle with jaguar and serpent images
Slide #13 |
Unknown Chavin-esque culture, Northern Highlands, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- similar imagery to Chavin carvings |
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tembladera pots
Slide #14 |
Subset of Cupisnique, North Coast, Early Horizon 900 - 200 BC
- Jaguar / snake / teeth imagery |
