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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Functions of the urinary system
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Removes unwanted waste. Stabilizes blood volume, acidity and electrolytes
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Where is the kidney located
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In the retroperitoneal space (behind the peritoneal cavity) slightly above the waistline at the posterior wall of the abdominal cavity
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Functions of the nephron
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Filters waste substance from the blood and simultaneously maintains the essential water and electrolyte balance of the body
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Name 2 structural components of the nephron
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Renal corpuscle & Renal tubules
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Components of the renal corpuscle.. what is made up of tangled blood capillaries in which the hydrostatic pressure in the capillaries pushes substance through capillary pores.
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Glomerulus & Glomerular (Bowman's Capsule)
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3 steps of urine formation
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Filtration, Reabsorption, Secretion
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When blood levels of a substance such as glucose reach a point at which no more can reabsorb, the substance is excreted in the urine.
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Renal threshold
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Name the 3 parts of Urinalysis
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Physical, Chemical, Microscopic
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What is the advantages of the first morning specimen
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Most concentrated and has the greatest amount of dissolved substances.
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When educating a female patient about the steps involved in preparing for midstream clean catch urine, why must the patient understand the importance of wiping from front to back
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Microorganisms in the anal region are not spread into the urinary meatus area
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What tests are part of the physical urinalysis
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pH, specific gravity. These tests are now included in the Chemical analysis of urine because they are measured using the same test strips as the chemical analytes
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Give the range of normal color of urine
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Straw (light yellow), yellow to amber (dark yellow)
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What condition can urine have a sweet or fruity odor
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Patients with uncontrollable diabetes and low-carbohydrate diets. (Ketones are present)
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What is the relevance of the specific gravity test in the urinalysis
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Measures the amount of particles that are dissolved in the urine, which indicates the ability of the kidneys to concentrate urine
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Qualitative
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Indicates whether particular analytes are present
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Semiquantitative
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Determines the approximate quality of the analyte
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Quantitative
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Measures the exact amount of substance and usually requires more complex equipment and procedures that are not available in the providers office
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3 conditions that may cause blood to be found in urine
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UTI, Kidney infections, Bladder or kidney stones
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Why is the first morning urine sample recommended when testing for nitrates
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Urine must stay in the bladder for 4-6 hours to allow any bacteria that is present sufficient time to convert to nitrates
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Oliguria
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Decreased urine
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Diuresis
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Increase in the volume of urine output
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Anuria
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No flow of urine
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Dysuria
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Painful urination
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Nocturia
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Excessive urination at night
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Polyuria
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Frequently passing abnormal large amounts of urine
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Bilirubin
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A waste product from the breakdown of hemoglobin that is metabolized by the liver.
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Ammonia odor in urine may indicate?
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Bacteria
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Sweet or fruity odor in urine may indicate?
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Presence of ketones
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Foul odor in urine may indicate?
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UTI
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Musty odor in urine may indicate?
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Caused by certain foods, or by an inherited metabolic condition PKU that occurs in infants
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Mostly found in infants ...Galactosemia is a rare metabolic condition in which the body is not able to convert galactose to glucose resulting in excretion of galactose in urine. In infants what does this condition result in:
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Failure to thrive because of anorexia, vomiting and diarrhea. In addition, enlargement of liver and spleen, cirrhosis, cataracts, mental retardation
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