Diagnostics-Abg's

Front 1

PaC02 is largely a measure of __?

Back 1

ventilation

Front 2

A-a gradient = ?

Back 2

Alveolar-arterial gradient or...
the difference between PA02 (pressure in the alveoli) and the Pa02 (pressure of 02 in the plasma)

Front 3

What is the normal A-a gradient?

Back 3

< 10 mm Hg

Front 4

An elevated A-a gradient means?

Back 4

02 is not being transferred across the alveolar membrane due to...mucus plugging; pulmonary edema; pulmonary fibrosis; ARDS or...
-Mixing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated due to congenital cardiac septal defects; AV shunts

Front 5

Pa02 means?

Back 5

partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial blood

Front 6

Pa02 measures free __ molecules in plasma

Back 6

02 molecules

Front 7

T/F
Pa02 does not measure 02 that is bound by hemoglobin.

Back 7

true, Pa02 is independent of hgb level

Front 8

How much, __% of 02 is free in plasma?

Back 8

10%

Front 9

T/F
Pa02 is a measure of total 02 content

Back 9

false; since only about 10% is free in plasma, it is NOT a measure of total 02 content

Front 10

Is the Pa02 affected by anemia?

Back 10

NO, and they will still have a normal Pa02 level

Front 11

What is the percent of hbg binding sites saturated with 02 in arterial blood, identified by what in ABG's?

Back 11

Sa02

Front 12

How many binding sites for 02 does each molecule of hgb have?

Back 12

4

Front 13

When all 4 binding sites are occupied by 02, it is said to be __?

Back 13

saturated

Front 14

If Sa02 is 96%, then how many sites are occupied?

Back 14

96 out of 100

Front 15

T/F
Sa02 measure does not incorporate free 02 dissolved in the blood?

Back 15

true

Front 16

Sa02 is largely a cunction of __.

Back 16

Pa02

Front 17

Sa 02 is not changed by the amount of __, such as in anemia

Back 17

hgb

Front 18

What is the only measure that takes into account the amount of hgb?

Back 18

Ca02

Front 19

__ is the content of 02 in the arterial blood.

Back 19

Ca02

Front 20

__ reflects total 02 in the blood, both bound and unbound

Back 20

Ca02

Front 21

__ is the measure that best reflects the actual total amt. of 02 available for the pt.

Back 21

Ca02

Front 22

T/F
Can have normal Pa02 and Sa02 and still be starved for oxygen?

Back 22

true, what is the Ca02?

Front 23

ABG's provides information on?

Back 23

ventilation
oxygenation
acid/base disorders: resp/metabolic disorder
whether the body is compensating

Front 24

What is the normal pH range?

Back 24

7.35-7.45

Front 25

__ is inversely proportional to H+ concentration, and a negative logrhythm of H+ concentration.

Back 25

pH

Front 26

A pH of greater than 7.45=?

Back 26

alkalosis

Front 27

A pH of less than 7.35=?

Back 27

acidosis

Front 28

__ is the partial pressure of C02 in the arterial blood.

Back 28

PaC02

Front 29

__ is a good reflection of ventilation.

Back 29

PaC02

Front 30

__ ventilation leads to decreased PaC02.

Back 30

Increased ventilation as C02 is blown off

Front 31

PaC02 is inversely related to __

Back 31

pH

Front 32

__ ventilation leads to increasing PaC02.

Back 32

decreased ventilation

Front 33

Increasing PaC02 leads to __ pH

Back 33

decreasing or respiratory acidosis

Front 34

Decreasing PaC02 leads to __ pH.

Back 34

increasing or respiratory alkalosis

Front 35

Respiratory mgt. of C02 thru change in __ can compensate for metabolic acid/base abnormalities.

Back 35

ventilation

Front 36

__ is primarily regulated by the kidneys via excretion and re-absorbtion.

Back 36

HC03-bicarb

Front 37

__ is r/t venous C02 reported on electrolyte panel.

Back 37

HC03-bicarb

Front 38

Relationship between bicarb and __ is direct.

Back 38

pH

Front 39

Increasing bicarb leads to increasing pH, or ?

Back 39

alkalosis

Front 40

Decresing bicarb leads to decreasing pH or ?

Back 40

acidosis

Front 41

Is remal management of HC03 fast or slow.

Back 41

slow-takes hours

Front 42

ABG's are usually drawn from what artery?

Back 42

radial

Front 43

What test must be performed before drawing radial artery blood gases?

Back 43

Allen's test to ensure arterial flow

Front 44

There are 3 names to ABG's what do they signify?

Back 44

1st-uncompensated/compensated
2nd-respiratory/metabolic
3rd-acidosis/alkalosis

Front 45

How do you determine what acid/base condition you have, in what order?

Back 45

-pH
-PaC02
-HC03
-is it compensated/uncompensated

Front 46

What is it?
pH 7.31
PC02 40
HC03 20

Back 46

uncompensated metabolic acidosis

Front 47

What is it?
pH 7.49
PC02 39
HC03 29

Back 47

uncompensated metabolic alkalosis

Front 48

What are common causes of uncompensated metabolic alkalosis?

Back 48

vomiting
gastric aspiration
some diuretics
alkali administration in pts with renal insufficiency

Front 49

What are common causes of uncompensated respiratory alkalosis?

Back 49

blowing off C02, pain, anxiety, hyperventilation, PE, fever, anemia, septicemia, liver failure

Front 50

What is it?
pH 7.35
PC02 50
HC03 29

Back 50

compensated respiratory acidosis

Front 51

What is it?
pH 7.45
PC02 31
HC03 20

Back 51

compensated respiratory alkalosis

Front 52

What is it?
pH 7.35
PCo2 28
HC03 19

Back 52

compensated metabolic acidosis

Front 53

What substances release H+ ions?

Back 53

acids

Front 54

What substances accept H+ ions?

Back 54

bases

Front 55

Acids are proton __d

Back 55

donors

Front 56

Bases are proton __?

Back 56

acceptors

Front 57

Pure water has a pH of ?

Back 57

7-neutral

Front 58

What are the pH absolute limits of life?

Back 58

7.0-7.8

Front 59

pH is maintained by what 3 systems?

Back 59

-chemical buffering: within seconds
-respir. system: within min. to hours
-renal system: within hours to days

Front 60

Buffers can bind to H+ if the pH ___

Back 60

decreases or becomes acidotic

Front 61

*Buffers release __ if pH increases.

Back 61

H+, proton donor

Front 62

Name some common buffers found in the blood.

Back 62

phosphate
albumin
hemoglobin
carbonic acid (weak acid)

Front 63

What system is primary mechanism for regulating C02 disposal?

Back 63

ventilation/respiratory system

Front 64

__ is the most important stimulus for respiration/ventilation

Back 64

C02

Front 65

The relationship between pH and C02 is __

Back 65

inverse

Front 66

hypercapnia is increased/decreased C02.

Back 66

increased C02

Front 67

An increased bicarb leads to __
A decreased bicarb leads to__

Back 67

increased = alkalosis
decreased = acidosis

Front 68

Primary changes in plasma HC03 can lead to compensatory changes in __ and C02.

Back 68

ventilation

Front 69

Anion gap is the discrepancy between __ and anions.

Back 69

cations and anions

Front 70

(Na + K) - (Cl + HC03) is the formula for ?

or Na - (Cl + HC03)

Back 70

anion gap

Front 71

What is a normal anion gap?

Back 71

10-12 meq/L

Front 72

Respiratory alkalosis will show...
__pH
__ C02

Back 72

increased pH
decreased C02

Front 73

Respiratory acidosis will show...
pH__
C02__

Back 73

decreased pH
increased C02

Front 74

Metabolic acidosis will show..
__pH
__HC03

Back 74

decreased pH
decreased HC03

Front 75

Metabolic alkalosis will show..
__pH
__HC03

Back 75

increased pH
increased HC03

Front 76

Name some common causes of metabolic alkalosis.

Back 76

chronic vomiting
some diuretics
excessive licorice intake
gastric aspiration
alkali admini. to renal pts.

Front 77

Toxins such as ethylene glycol; methanol; prarldehyde; salicylates can cause what acid/base condition?

Back 77

metabolic acidosis