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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Specificity
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Refers to the ability of a test to identify correctly those that do not have a disease.
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Sensitivity
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Refers to the ability of a test to correctly identify those who do have a disease.
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Patient factors that could affect or interfere with test results.
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Incorrect diet prep, current drug therapy, time of day, pregnancy, age & sex, type of illness, plasma volume, incorrect specimen collection, handling, or labeling, wrong preservative, delayed delivery to lab, incorrect/incomplete pt prep,hemolyzed blood samples, old specimens.
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White blood cells 2 main groups.
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Granulocytes
Agranulocytes |
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Granulocytes
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Recieve their name from the distinctive granules that are present in the cytoplasm of neutrophils, basophils & eosinophils.
These cells are also called polymorphonuclear leukocytes (polys or PMN) because they contain multilobed nucleus. |
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Agranulocytes
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Mononuclear leukocytes consist of lymplocytes and monocytes, that do not contain granules in their cytoplasm & have nonlobular nuclei.
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Phagocytosis
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Process in which leukocytes encapsulate foreign organisms & destroy them.
How leukocytes fight infection and defend the body. |
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Leukocytosis
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A white count above 10,000/UL
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Leukopenia
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A decrease in WBCs<4000.
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Causes of leukopenia:
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Viral infections, overwhelming bacterial infections & bone marrow depression.
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Differentioal white blood cell count.
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Total leukocyte count of the circulation WBCs is differentiated according to five types of leukocyte cells.
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5 types of leukocyte cells differentiated:
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Neutrophils-pyogenic infections
Eosinphils-allergic disorders & parasitic ingestations Basophils-parasitic infections Lymphocytes-viral infections Monocytes-severe infections (p infection has been going on for awhile) |
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Increased neutrophils (neutrophillia) are caused by:
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Physiologic conditions such as stress, excitement & exercise (temporary).
L&D, Steroids, Exposure to extreme cold or heat (increases the immune system) |
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Basophilia (increase in basophils) is caused by:
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Inflammation, allergy or sinusitis.
Leukemia, Hodgkin's dz, polycythemia vera, chronic hemolytic anemia, DM, TB, Varicella & influenza. |
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Lymphocytosis (increase in lymphocytes) is caused by:
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Lymphatic leukemia, infectious lymphocytosis, mononucleosis, some viral dz, TB, Pertussis, Crohn's dz, ulcerative colitis, hypoadrenalism, hypothroidism.
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Decreased RBC count is usually caused by:
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Anemia-Associated w/cell production & destruction, blood loss, dietary insufficiency of iron & certain vitamins.
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Decreased RBC count is also caused by:
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Hodkin's dz, multiple myeloma, leukemia, lupus, Addison's dz, rheumatic fever, subacute fever, subacute endocarditis.
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Increased RBC is caused by:
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Renal dz, high altitude, pulmonary dz, cardiovascular dz, tabacco/carboxyhemoglobin.
Also by polycythemia vera, increased bone marrow production, extraarenal tumors, dehydration. |
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Decreased levels of hemoglobin are caused by:
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Anemia (also look at erythrocyte ct. & hematocrit), hyperthroidism, cirrhosis of the liver, severe hemorrage, hemolytic reactions.
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Increased levels of hemoglobin are caused by:
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Polycythemia, severe burns, COPD, CHF, polycythermia vera.
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Red blood indices?
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Define the size and hemoglobin content of the RBC.
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Red blood indices consist of:
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Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCG) Mean corpuscular Hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) |
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Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
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Expresses the volume occupied by a single red blood cell.
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
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Measures the average concentration of hemoglobin in the RBC.
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Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
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Measures the average wt. of hemoglobin per RBC
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Rticulocyte count?
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Young immature RBC contains reticular material (RNA) that stains gray-blue when tested. It remains in newly released RBC for 1-2 days before the cell reaches full maturity.
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Sed Rate
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(Think inflammatory process)
Not diagnostic of any particular dz, but is a indication that a dz process is ongoing & should be investigated. |
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If you had a D/Dx of arthritis you should order a ?
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Sed rate
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pyogenic
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Producing pus.
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pyogenic infection
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An infection resulting from pus-forming organisms.
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