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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the speed of sound through soft tissues?
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1540 m/s
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What is the speed of sound through air?
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333 m/s
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True/False. A higher frequency probe will have less penetration.
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True.
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True/False. Higher frequency = better resolution.
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True.
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What is required for sound reflection back to the probe?
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Interface of substances with different acoustic impedance
90 degree angle of incidence |
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If you want good resolution everywhere, what probe to choose?
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Linear. Requires most contact area.
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Which probe do you choose for ICS acoustic window, and what is the trade-off?
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Sector. Loses resolution deeper.
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Want to look at tendon, thyroid, parathyroid. What frequency range for the probe?
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10-17 MHz
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You want to change image contrast. What dial?
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Dynamic Range
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You want to increase the frequency of all returning echoes. What dial?
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Overall gain.
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Anisotropy
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Artifact when viewing an interface not perpendicularly (hypoechoic or anechoic tendon, ex)
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Air, metal, and gas result in what artifact?
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Reverberation
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Well-defined Hyperechoic foci along splenic vessels and subcapsular
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myelolipoma. r/o thrombus, abscess, nodular hyperplasia
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True/False. The walls of hepatic arteries are more echogenic than portal veins.
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False. The opposite.
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What should the size of the portal vein be relative to the aorta?
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Not more than 65% at the hilus.
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At the hilus of the liver, which vessel is most dorsal?
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Aorta.
Ventral and to the right is CVC, then more ventral is portal vein |
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The gall bladder is right/left of midline.
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Right
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True/False. The gall bladder can normally be bilobed.
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True, in cats.
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Diffuse hypoechoic liver?
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amyloidosis
leukemia/lymphoma hepatitis congestion |
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Diffuse hyperechoic liver?
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steroid hepatopathy
fibrosis lymphoma chronic hepatitis |
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Is nodular hyperplasia of the liver hyper or hypoechoic?
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Can be either
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True/False. Target sign is seen more often in metastatic neoplasia of the liver than benign.
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True.
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Microhepatica
Renomegaly uroliths |
100% PPV for congenital portosystemic shunt
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Large breed dogs usually have what kind of shunt
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intrahepatic. Patent ductus venosus
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What is characteristic of intestinal neoplasia on ultrasound?
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Loss of layering
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What could striations in intestinal wall correspond to?
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Lymphangiectasia
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Which type of GI neoplasm displays "pseudolayering"?
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Gastric carinoma due to diffuse transmural thickening
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What are characteristics of intestinal smooth muscle tumors?
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Non-obstructive
large focal no lymphadenopathy |
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Intestinal thickening that is < 1cm is GENERALLY more likely to be______
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enteritis rather than neoplasm, but not always.
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Which type of intestinal tumor may preserve layering?
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Lymphoma
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When inflamed, the pancreas is more/less echoic.
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Less echoic acutely, surrounded by hyperechoic fat.
more echoic chronically |
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Insulinomas are more likely single/multiple and hypo/hyperechoic.
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Single hypoechoic.
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How big should the kidneys be relative to aortic diameter?
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dog: 5.5-9.1
cat: 3-4.3 |
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Pyelonephritis results in what change in echogenicity?
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Diffuse increase
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A hyperechoic wedge, perpendicular to the renal capsule.
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Renal infarct.
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How big are normal adrenals in the dog?
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7.4 mm
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Masses of the adrenals greater than what are probably malignant?
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4 cm
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True/False. Corpora hemorrhagica are hyperechoic
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true
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True/False. Benign prostatic hyperplasia can be normal to hyperechoic.
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True
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Where to probe for the cranial mediastinum in the horse?
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Right 3rd ICS
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True/False. Air bronchograms are branching hyperechoic structures.
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True.
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Equine kidneys
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R: 14-17 ICS
L: 16th ICS to PLF |
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Equine liver
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R: 6-15 ICS
L: 6-9 ICS |
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Universal thickness of GI viscera in horse?
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0.3 cm (except stomach, ileum)
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Equine Stomach
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Left 9-11th ICS
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Where is the right dorsal colon in the horse?
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8th-14th ICS
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Can you diagnose colonic displacement/torsion with ultrasound?
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No
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