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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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X-Ray |
to produce images using high-energy radiation waves at lower doses.penetrate throigh tissues at varying degrees. act on a photographic film or plate as the rays leave the body. |
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Endoscopy |
to examin interior of body (direct visual examination. To perform surgery vs. large abdominal incisions ( bronchoscope, cytoscobe, laparoscope. |
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Radionuclide studies |
evaluate organ function. Rate and uptake and excretion of substances labeled with a radiosotope. -anemia- radiostope labeled vitamin B12-hyperthyroidism- radioactive iodine |
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Electrical activity |
to measure electrial impulses associated with bodily functionc and activities1)ECG-disturbances in hear rate, rythm, abnormal impoulses, heart muscle injury2)EEG3)EMG- obtained at contraction and at rest |
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-clinical laboratory tes |
to determine concentration of substances in blood or urine frequently altered by diseaseUses:To determine concentration of activity of enzymes To evaluate function of organsTo monitor response to treatment or to drugsTo detect disease prodicting organisims in urine blood and feces |
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radiopaque |
asorb;white on film;high density tissues (type of X-Ray) |
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radiolucent |
pass thorugh;dark on film; low density tissues (Type of X-Ray) |
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CT Scans |
prodice an image using X-Rays or ionizing radiation. delivers higher dose of ionizing radiation that x-ray. applications- cancer screening of asympotomatic individuals. detect abnormailities in internal organs that cannot otherwise be identifies by standard X-Ray. |
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MRI |
to construc images using a computer based in the response of hydrogen protons in water molecules when placed in a stron magnetic field. |
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MRI vs CT scan |
MRI- does not use ionizing radiation. detects abnormalities in tissues surrounded by bone. bone interferes with scanning, does not produce shar image. generates cross-sectional images in any plane including pblique planes. superior to CT for tumor detection and identification. best for repeated and successive exams. equipment is expensive. CT-less expensive and more readily available. |
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PET (positron emission tomography) |
to asses organ function by measuring the metabolism of biochemical compounds labeled with positron-emitting isotopes (ex; glucose) -can assess biochemical functions of the brain, determine metabolic acitites of organ or tissues, evaluate changes in blood flow in heart muscle following a heart attack. destinguish benign from malignant tumor. (increased glucose uptake =malignant tumors) |
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disatavantages of PET |
very epxpensive, not widely available, require facilities that can incorporate the isotopes into the biochemical compound |
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cytologic and histologic exams |
papanicolau smear biopsy |
