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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What does Amylase do?
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Changes starch to sugar. Produced in the salivary glands, pancreas, liver and fallopian tubes.
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What increases amylase amounts?
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Inflammation of the pancreas or salivary glands.
Norm: 25-125u/L |
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What does serum Amylase test for?
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Pancreatitis, levels increase early in dz process, 3-6 hours after onset of pain.
ETOH: main cause of chronic pancreatitis. |
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What does Lipase do?
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Changes fats to fatty acids and glycerol. Pancreas major source of this enzyme.
Norm: 10-140u/L |
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What happens to Lipase in pancreatitis?
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Appears in blood after damage to pancreas. Usually present after amylase levels return to normal.
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When does Lipase start to rise in pancreatitis?
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24-36 hours after onset of illness, remains elevated for up to 14 days.
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What causes Lipase to rise besides pancreatitis?
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Cholecystitis, severe renal dz, impacted bowel, and peritonitis.
Lipase level >600 IU/L require immediate attention. |
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Ammonia (NH3) what is it?
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Waste product from nitrogen breakdown during protein metabolism. Metabolized by the liver and excreted by the kidneys as Urea.
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What causes ammonia to elevate?
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Cirrhosis, acute hepatitis, GI hemorrhage.
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What are serum ammonia levels for?
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Evaluation of the progress of severe liver dz and the response to treatment.
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What is Asparate Transaminase (AST) or Serum Glutamic-Pyruvic Transaminase (SGOT)?
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AST levels are elevated in hepatitis (viral preicteric phase) and liver dz.
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How high can AST rise in liver dz?
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10-100 times normal.
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How do statins affect the AST?
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Can cause increase, if AST rises to 3X norm, DC the meds.
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AST clinical implications
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Acute and chronic hepatitis
Active cirrhosis Hapatic necrosis Alcoholic hepatitis Acute pancreatitis |
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What is Alanine Transmainase (ALT) or Serum Glutamic_Pyruvic Transmaminase (SGPT)?
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Used to diagnose and monitor liver dz, and used to differentiate types of jaundice.
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What causes ALT levels to rise?
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GI/Hepatic disorders:
Hepatocellular dz Active cirrhosis Obstructive jaundice pancreatitis & hepatitis |
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What is the Albumin?
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One of the two main protein factors of the blood. Maintains the osmotic press., transports bilirubin, fatty acids, hormones, & water insoluble products
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What causes a decrease in albumin levels?
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Cirrhosis
Hepatitis Liver Dz |
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What is Globulin?
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Protein in the immune system, helps w/ osmotic press. If albumin levels start to decline, globulin levels increase to compensate.
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When do Globulin levels increase?
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Liver dz
ETOH abuse |
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What is the Total Protein?
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Adding albumin levels and globulin levels together.
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What must you do when looking at a Total Protein measurement?
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Remember to look at each component to see if one is lower and the other is compensating to make it seem normal
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What is Bilirubin?
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Destruction of RBC's releases bilirubin into blood stream. It is removed by the liver and excreted as bile.
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Where is bilirubin found?
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1) protein bound indirect or unconjugated bilirubin.
2) circulating direct or conjugated bilirubin. |
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What causes jaundice?
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Hepatic, obstructive or hemolytic reasons.
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Hepatocellular damage does what?
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Increased bilirubin and jaundice from hapatitis and cirrhosis
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Causes of obstructive jaundice?
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Blockage of the bile or hepatic ducts from gallstones or neoplasms.
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Causes of hemolytic jaundice?
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Various hemolytic disorders.
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Hepatitis A Antibody test (HAV-ab, anti_HAV), IgM and IgG test for what?
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Diagnose previous exposure, noninfectivity, and immunity to hepatitis A infection. IgM anti-HAV detected w/in first two weeks of dz, remains present for 6 months
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What is the relationship of IgG and IgM?
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IgG antibodies replace IgM antibodies and remain for life.
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Hepatitis B Surface antigen (HbsAg) does what?
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Evidence of active HBV infection & infectivity, appears 4-6 weeks post infection. Test may be positive before clinical symptoms appear.
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What is Hepatitis B Core antibody (Anti-HBc)?
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This IgM antibody appears shortly after the HbsAG is detectable. Most reliable test for Hepatitis B infection. IgM anti-HBc may remain for life.
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What is Hepatitis B e Anti-gen
(HBeAg)? |
Usually present for only 3-6 weeks, one of the first indicators of increased viral replication and infectivity.
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Hepatitis C testing does what?
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Diagnosed when hepatitis C anti-body present in blood. Positive results for hepatitis C, hepatitis C RNA and genotype confirm chronic infection.
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Prothrombin Time is what?
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Vitamin K dependent glycoprotein produced by the liver and needed for firm fibrin clot formation. PT will be increased in liver dz.
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Partial prothrombin time is what?
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Used for quantitative and qualitative platelet abnormalities. Increased in liver dz.
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