Diagnostic Review

Front 1

inflammation caused by repetition of movement or excessive pressure. Elbows and knees are the most commonly affected because they are rested upon more than many parts of the body with bursae and they also get the most repetitive use...

Back 1

Bursitis

Front 2

an injury which occurs to ligaments caused by a sudden overstretching. The ligament is usually only stretched, but sometimes it can be snapped, slightly torn, or ruptured...

Back 2

sprain

Front 3

a tearing of a muscle-tendon unit...acute or chronic...caused by repetitive micro-trauma...

Back 3

strain

Front 4

MC areas that sprains occur?

Back 4

shoulder, elbow, knee, ankle

Front 5

best diagnostic tool to determine the extent of a sprain

Back 5

MRI

Front 6

localized joint pain and tenderness, but no joint laxity

Back 6

1st Degree sprain

Front 7

detectable joint laxity with localized joint pain and tenderness

Back 7

2nd Degree sprain

Front 8

ligaments completely disrupted and joint grossly unstable

Back 8

3rd Degree sprain

Front 9

a break or a loss of structural continuity in a bone

Back 9

fracture

Front 10

this injury alters the normal relationship between joint surfaces. the normally apposing joint surfaces are completely displaced

Back 10

Dislocation

Front 11

This injury alters the normal relationship between joint surfaces. The normally apposing joint surfaces are PARTIALLY displaced

Back 11

subluxation

Front 12

what type of fractures are Smith's and Colles' ?

Back 12

angulation fx. (volar / dorsal respectively.)

Front 13

bone fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma. This can occur at the ligament due to the application forces external to the body (such as a fall or pull) or at the tendon due to a muscular contraction that is stronger than the forces holding the bone together

Back 13

avulsion fx

Hint 13

MC in children b/c their ligament is stronger than bone. "pseudo-jones"

Front 14

This injury alters the normal relationship between joint surfaces. The normally apposing joint surfaces are PARTIALLY displaced

Back 14

subluxation

Front 15

a type of fracture that is open when there is a break in the surrounding skin or mucosa that allows the fracture to communicate with the external environment.

Back 15

open fracture

Front 16

what type of fractures are Smith's and Colles' ?

Back 16

angulation fx. (volar / dorsal respectively.)

Front 17

true or false? open fractures are surgical emergencies

Back 17

true

Front 18

bone fracture which occurs when a fragment of bone tears away from the main mass of bone as a result of physical trauma. This can occur at the ligament due to the application forces external to the body (such as a fall or pull) or at the tendon due to a muscular contraction that is stronger than the forces holding the bone together

Back 18

avulsion fx

Front 19

a type of fracture that is open when there is a break in the surrounding skin or mucosa that allows the fracture to communicate with the external environment.

Back 19

open fracture

Front 20

true or false? open fractures are surgical emergencies

Back 20

true

Front 21

tx for open fractures?

Back 21

debride the wound, irrigate and give parenteral ABX in the OR within 6 hours of the injury.

Front 22

tx for open fractures?

Back 22

debride the wound, irrigate and give parenteral ABX in the OR within 6 hours of the injury.

Front 23

open fractures have wounds <1 cm in length. (increased risk for osteomyelitis)

Back 23

Grade 1 open FX.

Front 24

wounds are > 1 cm, but clean s devitalization of tissue

Back 24

Grade 2 open FX.

Front 25

wounds are > 1 cm in length or grossly contaminated, or associated with comminuted fracture and vascular injury. (immunocompromised)

Back 25

Grade 3 open FX.

Front 26

give an example of a fracture pattern that is low-energy injury, usually the result of a direct blow to a long bone or a ligament avulsion...

Back 26

a transverse fx:
-night stick fx
-stress fx
-pathologic fx

Front 27

which type of bone fractures heal the quickest?

Back 27

metaphyseal fx or cancellous bone

Front 28

what are the determining factors to describe a fracture?

Back 28

open or closed, location, fracture pattern, extent of displacement

Front 29

type of fracture pattern that results from a rotary or twisting injury and usually requires ORIF. They have a tendency to displace after reduction and immobil.

Back 29

spiral or oblique FX.

Front 30

a type of fracture with two or more fragments?

Back 30

comminuted:
-butterfly fragments
-segmental fractures

Front 31

These (impacted) are low-energy injuries in which two bone fragments are jammed together. "it explodes into itself"

Back 31

impacted fx:
-mc seen in metaphyseal bones ex)femoral neck, distal radius, tibial plateau fx's.

Front 32

these growth plate injuries are found in children and have the potential to cause growth disturbance and are classified by what?

Back 32

Salter-Harris Growth plate fx

Front 33

a growth plate fx that goes through the physis

Back 33

type I- Salter Harris

Front 34

a growth plate fx that goes through the physis and metaphysis.

Back 34

type II- salter harris

Front 35

a growth plate fx that goes through the physis and epiphysis

Back 35

type III- salter harris

Front 36

a growth plate fx that goes through the physis, metaphysis and epiphysis

Back 36

type IV- salter harris

Front 37

a crush injury to the physis

Back 37

type V- salter harris

Front 38

Patients with fractures should be treated as trauma patients. true/false

Back 38

true. ABC's + D--> disability

Front 39

what are the 3 principles of fracture care involved after the p is stable?

Back 39

1)reduction of deformity
2)maintenance of reduction
3)rehabilitation of function

Front 40

what are the stages of fracture healing (callous)?

Back 40

1)hematoma formation
2)inflammatory phase
3)reparative phase
4)remodeling

Front 41

how are compartment syndrome or pressure sores caused?

Back 41

if swelling within a cast increases pressure, this could result.

Front 42

most common glenohumeral dislocation?

Back 42

anterior dislocation much more common than posterior

Front 43

a lesion with a recurrent dislocation of the anterior capsular injury associated with a tear of the glenoid labrum off the anterior glenoid rim

Back 43

Bankhart Lesion

Front 44

a deformity due to recurrent dislocation of the anterior glenohumeral, that causes a compression fracture of the articular surface of the humeral head posterolaterally that is created by the sharp edge of the anterior gldnoid as the humeral head dislocates over it.

Back 44

Hill-Sachs Deformity

Front 45

what is the most common bone fractured?

Back 45

the clavicle

Front 46

what is the weakest point of the clavicle?

Back 46

middle/distal third

Front 47

what are the determining factors to describe a fracture?

Back 47

open or closed, location, fracture pattern, extent of displacement

Front 48

type of fracture pattern that results from a rotary or twisting injury and usually requires ORIF. They have a tendency to displace after reduction and immobil.

Back 48

spiral or oblique FX.

Front 49

a type of fracture with two or more fragments?

Back 49

comminuted:
-butterfly fragments
-segmental fractures

Front 50

These (impacted) are low-energy injuries in which two bone fragments are jammed together. "it explodes into itself"

Back 50

impacted fx:
-mc seen in metaphyseal bones ex)femoral neck, distal radius, tibial plateau fx's.

Front 51

these growth plate injuries are found in children and have the potential to cause growth disturbance and are classified by what?

Back 51

Salter-Harris Growth plate fx

Front 52

CT is most useful for what structures?

Back 52

fine bone structure, especially the skull, spine and pelvis

Front 53

MRI is most useful for the evaluation of what ?

Back 53

soft tissues: muscles, ligaments, cartilage, spinal cord and marrow spaces.

Front 54

Nuclear medicine scans are usually used to evaluate?

Back 54

the skeleton for bone metastases, to differentiate cellulitis from osteomyelitis and occult trauma

Front 55

initial imaging study of choice for fracture

Back 55

plain rad

Front 56

initial imaging study of choice for occult hip fx

Back 56

MRI or bone scan

Front 57

initial imaging study of choice for knee fx

Back 57

MRI

Front 58

initial imaging study of choice for stress fx

Back 58

nuclear med. bone scan

Front 59

initial imaging study of choice for metastases

Back 59

nuclear med bone scan

Front 60

Gout most commonly affects which mc joint?

Back 60

first metatarsal phalangeal

Front 61

a calcification of soft tissue that can occur from trauma (bleeding within the tissue)

Back 61

myositis ossificans

Front 62

in hip dislocations the vast majority of the dislocations are posterior. true/false

Back 62

true.

Front 63

name the compression neruopathy syndrome that presents with loss of sensation in the tips of the first three digits and forearm, with wrist pain

Back 63

carpal tunnel syndrome

Front 64

what is the classification system used for proximal humerous fractures?

Back 64

Neer classification;
-non-displaced fx
-displaced fx

Front 65

most common MOI for proximal humerus fx

Back 65

FOOSH

Front 66

Tx for nondisplaced fx of proximal humerus

Back 66

sling, begin ROM exercises

Front 67

Tx for 2part/3part fx of proximal humerous

Back 67

closed reduction, sling, possible ORIF

Front 68

tx for midshaft humerus fx

Back 68

coaptation splint: carefully molded plaster splint around arm, elbow, deltoid & acromion x 2 weeks. change to sarmiento brace.

Front 69

P presents with blow to the proximal ulna and says that his arm was forcefully pronated. after AP/Lat/Obliq rad series you see a fx of the mid ulna w anterior dislocation of the radial head. what type of fx is this?

Back 69

Monteggia Fx

Front 70

an injury pattern involving a radial shaft fx c associated dislocation of the distal radioulnar joint which disrupts the forearm axis joint

Back 70

Galeazzi fracture/dislocation

Front 71

what does "fracture of necessity" refer to?

Back 71

the adult Galeazzi fx not being amendable to tx by closed means. Sx stabalization is necessary

Front 72

P presents after having fallen forward with his elbow extended and his forarm pronated. You order an AP/lat/obliq and immediately see a fat pad which you remember being called a "sail sign". a few minutes later you notice a subtle fracture ...what do you suspect?

Back 72

radial head fracture.