Diagnostic Procedures

Front 1

Endoscopy
Definition?
Detects?
Examples

Back 1

Lighted fiber optic tube that allows direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach, bowel
Ex EGD (esophogastroduodenoscopy), Colonoscopy, Flexible sigmoidoscopy

Front 2

Upper GI Series/ Barium Swallow
Definition?
Detects?

Back 2

Contrast medium is used to visualize the lower esophagus, stomach, duodenum
identifiees gastric ulcers, esophageal disorders, strictures, tumors

Front 3

Small Bowel Series
Definition?
Detects?

Back 3

Contrast medium used to visualize the small bowel
detects small bowel disorders

Front 4

Lower GI Series/ Barium Enema
Definition?
Detects?

Back 4

contrast medium used to visualize the large intestine
dects strictures, polyps, colorectal ca, diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease

Front 5

Abdominal Ultrasound
Definition?
Detects?

Back 5

sound waves used to image intestinal organs and tissues
detcets ab tumors and cysts; evaluates ascites

Front 6

CT (Computed Tomography)Definition?
Detects?

Back 6

imaging study taht visualizes differences in tissue densities detects ab tumors and masses

Front 7

MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging)
Definition?
Detects?

Back 7

magnetic energy is used to image blood vessels soft tissue and organs
detects tumors, fistulas bleeding, abcesses, metastises

Front 8

Ultrasound (Ultrasonography)
Definition?
Detects?

Back 8

hgh frequency sound wasves are used to outline stuctures and image organs detects cholecystitis, appendicitis, pyloric stenosis

Front 9

Gallbaladder series
Definition?
Detects?

Back 9

radiographic visualizations used to visualize the gallbladder
detects stones, common bile ducts, tumors and obstruction of the gallbladder

Front 10

Gastric fluid analysis detects?

Back 10

The reasons for performing gastric analysis include:
(1) detect gastrin secreting tumors (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
(2) detect recurrent peptic ulcer disease
(3) evaluating hyperacidity
(4) evaluating effectiveness of surgery to reduce acid output
(5) diagnosis of achlorhydria
(6) detect delayed gastric emptying
(7) diagnosis of upper GI hemorrhage

Front 11

What is gastric fluid analysis?

Back 11

examination of the contents of the stomach, primarily to determine the quantity of acid present and incidentally to ascertain the presence of blood, bile, bacteria, and abnormal cells. It may also be done to detect acid-fast bacillus in a client with undiagnosed tuberculosis. A sample of gastric secretion is obtained via a nasogastric tube. The technique used varies according to the information desired. The total absence of hydrochloric acid is diagnostic of pernicious anemia. Patients with gastric ulcer and gastric cancer may secrete less acid than normal whereas patients with duodenal ulcers secrete more. The composition and volume of the secretions may also provide diagnostic information. This procedure is rarely performed

Front 12

Barium x-ray studies?

Back 12

Esophagus, stomach, intestine, rectum X-ray study to detect ulcers, tumors, or other abnormalities

Front 13

Dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA)?

Back 13

Skeleton, focusing on specific regions, usually hip, spine, and wrist Study of thickness of bones using a type of x-ray

Front 14

Electromyography?

Back 14

Muscles Recording of a muscle's electrical activity

Front 15

Electrophysiologic testing

Back 15

Test to evaluate rhythm or electrical conduction abnormalities

Front 16

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) ?

Back 16

Biliary tract X-ray study of the biliary tract after injection of a radiopaque dye using a flexible viewing tube to reach the biliary tract

Front 17

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) ?

Back 17

Usually blood The sample is mixed with a sample of allergens or microorganisms to test for the presence of specific antibodies

Front 18

Fluoroscopy?

Back 18

Digestive tract, heart, lungs A continuous x-ray study that allows a doctor to see the inside of an organ as it functions

Front 19

Intravenous urography?

Back 19

Kidneys, urinary tract X-ray study of the kidneys and urinary tract after intravenous injection of a radiopaque dye

Front 20

Myelography ?

Back 20

Spinal column Simple or computer-enhanced x-ray of the spinal column after injection of a radiopaque dye

Front 21

Nerve conduction study?

Back 21

Nerves Test to determine how fast an impulse travels

Front 22

Paracentesis ?

Back 22

Abdomen Insertion of a needle into the abdominal cavity to remove fluid for examination

Front 23

Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography?

Back 23

Liver, biliary tract X-ray study of the liver and biliary tract after injection of a radiopaque dye into the liver

Front 24

Positron emission tomography (PET) ?

Back 24

Brain and heart Radioactive imaging to detect abnormality of function

Front 25

Radionuclide imaging

Back 25

Many organs Radioactive imaging to detect abnormalities of blood flow, structure, or function

Front 26

Venography

Back 26

Veins X-ray study to detect blockage of a vein

Front 27

C reactive protien (CRP)?

Back 27

C-reactive protein (CRP) is a marker of inflammation in the body. Its level in the blood increases if there is any inflammation in the body. C-reactive protein, along with other markers of inflammation (erythrocyte sedimentation rate, or ESR) are also sometimes referred to as acute phase reactants. C-reactive protein is produced by the cells in the liver.
does not provide any specifics about the inflammatory (such as the location of the inflammation), it has been linked to atherosclerotic vascular disease (narrowing of blood vessels) by many studies

Front 28

Colposcopy?

Back 28

Colposcopy is the direct magnified inspection of the surface of a woman’s genital area, including the cervix, vagina, and vulva, using a light source and a binocular microscope. Doctors use the test to evaluate potentially cancerous areas, typically after a Pap smear has indicated the possibility of such a problem. Your doctor also may perform a biopsy (take a sample) of an abnormal area during the procedure

Front 29

Cystoscopy?

Back 29

Cystoscopy is the use of a scope (cystoscope) to examine the bladder. This is done either to look at the bladder for abnormalities or to help with surgery being performed on the inside of the urinary tract (transurethral surgery).

Front 30

Electroencephalography (EEG)?

Back 30

•The EEG is used in the evaluation of brain disorders. Most commonly it is used to show the type and location of the activity in the brain during a seizure. It also is used to evaluate people who are having problems associated with brain function. These problems might include confusion, coma, tumors, long-term difficulties with thinking or memory, or weakening of specific parts of the body (such as weakness associated with a stroke).

Front 31

Electromyography, or EMG?

Back 31

Electromyography, or EMG, involves testing the electrical activity of muscles. Often, EMG testing is performed with another test that measures the conducting function of nerves. This is called a nerve conduction study. Because both tests are often performed at the same office visit and by the same personnel, the risks and procedures generally apply to both tests.

Front 32

Endometrial ablation?

Back 32

Endometrial ablation is the process of destroying the lining tissues of the uterus (known as the endometrium). Several different methods can be used for ablation; for example, laser beam, electricity, freezing, heating, or microwave energy. Endometrial ablation is performed (usually by an experienced OB/GYN physician) as a treatment for abnormal or heavy uterine bleeding when medical and/or hormonal treatments have not been effective or are not indicated. It is not an appropriate treatment for cancer of the uterus , since it only removes the superficial tissue layer, and cancers can penetrate more deeply into the uterine wall

Front 33

AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase?

Back 33

More specifically, AST, ALT, and alkaline phosphatase are called the liver enzymes and they typically are used to detect damage or injury to the liver (not its function)

Front 34

Liver function tests?

Back 34

Strictly speaking, the true liver function tests (LFT's) include albumin, bilirubin, blood coagulation panel, and glucose.

Front 35

Aminotransferases?

Back 35

Aminotransferases are enzymes (proteins that help speed up chemical reactions in the body) that are found mainly in the liver, but also in other tissues, such as muscles. They are a part of the normal metabolic processes in the liver and are responsible for transferring amino acids (components that build proteins) from one molecule to another. ALT was formerly known as serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (SGPT) and AST as serum glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (SGPT).

Front 36

Elevated levels of liver enzymes

Back 36

Elevated levels of liver enzymes in general signify some form of liver (or hepatic) damage or injury. These levels may be elevated acutely (short term) indicating sudden injury to the liver, or they may be elevated chronically (long term) suggesting ongoing liver injury.