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44 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Body Fluid Components
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18% body weight protein and related substances
7% minerals 15% fat 60% water |
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Distribution of Body Fluid/Water
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Intracellular - 40%
extracellular - 20% |
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Distribution of extracellular body fluid
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Plasma - 5%
Interstitial = 15% |
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Plasma vs Serum
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Serum has no fibrinogen. yellow substance on top when centrifuged.
Plasma has fibrinogen and will clot |
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Glucose (FBS, BS, sugar)
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#'s can vary
Normal values: FBS (12-14hr fast) 70-105mg/dl Critical Values: <50 and >400 mg/dll |
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Blood Urea Nitrogen
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Normal values: 10-20 mg/dl
Critical values: >100mg/dl |
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Renal Function Tests
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* BUN
* Creatinine Glomerular filtration rate, Creatinine clearance, osmolality, uric acid |
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Define: Uremia
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condition of abnormally high urea nitrogen BUN
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Define: Azotemia
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Significant increase in plasma concentration of urea and creatinine in kidney insufficiency
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Elevation of BUN and Creatinine indicative of pt. with:
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kidney disease
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pre-renal azotemia
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Systemic. Result of poor perfusion of kidneys, low GFR. (Seen in dehydration, shock, CHF, low blood volume, fever, stress, severe burns)
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Causes of elevated BUN
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* Kidney disease
Urinary obstruction dehydration/hypovolemia shock infection DM |
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Causes of decreased BUN
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(not usually a problem)
IV therapy/overhydration severe liver dysfunction pregnancy malnutrition |
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Creatinine:
Normal Values Critical value |
0.6 -1.2mg/dl (slightly lower for females)
>4mg/dl |
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Creatnine Clearance (CC)
Normal Values for men and women |
Men: 107-139 ml/min
Women: 87-107 ml/min |
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Total Protein/Albumin/Globulin
Normal levels |
Total Protein: 6.4 -8.3 g/dl
Albumin 3.5 - 5.0 g/dl Globulin: 2.3 -3.4 g/dl A/G ration: greater than 1 |
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CPK-MB suggestive of myocardial injury is:
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3.0 ng/ml with relative index of greater than or equal to 2.5
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Cardiac Marker:
CK-MB times |
Time to initial eval: 4-8 hrs
Time to peak eval: 12-24 Time to return to normal: 72-96 hrs |
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Cardiac Marker:
Myoglobin times |
time to initial eval: 2-4 hrs
time to peak eval: 8-10 hrs time to return to normal: 24 hrs |
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Cardiac Marker
Troponin I times |
time to initial eval: 4-6 hrs
time to peak eval: 12 hrs time to return to normal:3-10 days |
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Cardiac Marker:
Troponin T |
time to initial eval: 4-6 hrs
time to peak eval: 12 hrs time to return to normal:3-10 days |
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Cardiac Marker:
LDH |
time to initial eval: 2-5 days
time to peak eval: time to return to normal: 10 days |
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Alkaline Phosphatase
Normal values |
30-120 units/L
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Electrolytes ordered often
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Na, K, Cl, HCO3 (bicarbonate)
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Normal values for Na+
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134-145 mmol/L
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Critical values for Na+
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<120 or >160 mmol/L
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Normal Values for K+
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3.5 - 5 mmol/L
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Critical Values for K+
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<2.5 or >6.5 mmol/L
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Causes of decreased K+, hypokalemia
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* GI loss (diarrhea, vomitting)
pyloric obstruction, starvation, sever burns, etc. |
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Signs/Symptoms of hypokalemmia
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weakness, paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, ECG has a flattened T wave
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Normal Cl- values
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98-106 mmol/L
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Critical Cl- values
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<80 or >115 mmol/L
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Normal Ca ++ values
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Total 8.8 -10.5 mg/dl
Ionized: 1.05 - 1.33 mmol/L |
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Lipid Profile Normal Values:
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Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dl
HDL: >55mg/dl LDL: <130 mg/dl VLDL: 25-50% Triglycerides: 40-160mg/dl |
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Normal values for Na+
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134-145 mmol/L
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Critical values for Na+
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<120 or >160 mmol/L
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Normal Values for K+
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3.5 - 5 mmol/L
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Critical Values for K+
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<2.5 or >6.5 mmol/L
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Causes of decreased K+, hypokalemia
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* GI loss (diarrhea, vomitting)
pyloric obstruction, starvation, sever burns, etc. |
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Signs/Symptoms of hypokalemmia
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weakness, paralysis, cardiac arrhythmias, ECG has a flattened T wave
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Normal Cl- values
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98-106 mmol/L
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Critical Cl- values
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<80 or >115 mmol/L
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Normal Ca ++ values
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Total 8.8 -10.5 mg/dl
Ionized: 1.05 - 1.33 mmol/L |
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Lipid Profile Normal Values:
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Total Cholesterol: <200 mg/dl
HDL: >55mg/dl LDL: <130 mg/dl VLDL: 25-50% Triglycerides: 40-160mg/dl |
