Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
What are some methods of diagnostic imaging of the liver?
|
Radiographs
Ultrasound Portovenography CT Nuclear Scintigraphy MRI |
|
|
The gastric axis is where in the normal dog
|
parallel to ribs (may be more vertical in deep chested breeds)
|
|
|
True or false: The liver should not typically extend beyond the last rib
|
true
|
|
|
what does a vertical gastric axis indicate?
|
Normal if a deep chested breed
microhepatic (CPSS, cirrhosis, chronic hepatitis) |
|
|
If the gastric axis is increased, what can we assume?
|
Enlargement (focal or generalized)
|
|
|
What are some causes of focal liver enlargements
|
Neoplasia (common)
granuloma (rare) cysts (common) regenerative nodule (common) abscesses (rare) Arterioportal fistula (rare) |
|
|
What are some causes of generalized liver enlargement?
|
Neoplasia (common)
Storage disease (rare) Extramedullary hematopoiesis (common) Acute hepatitis (common) Reticuloendothelial system cell hyperplasia (common) |
|
|
The majority of animals with CPSS some have what sized livers and what size kidneys?
|
small liver
enlarged kidney |
|
|
True or false: Dogs with primary hypoplasia of the portal vein typically have small liver and kidneys
|
False - typically normal in size
|
|
|
What processes may cause mineralization in the liver seen on radiographs
|
Choleliths and cholodocholithiasis
chronic infection/inflammation neoplasia granulomas abscesses resolving hematomas regenerative nodules |
|
|
Gas opacities in the liver are typically a result of what disease processes?
|
hepatic abscesses
emphysemmatous cholicystitis biliary obstruction |
|
|
What disease processes will be associated with generalized hyperechoic liver on ultrasound?
|
glycogen
hepatic lipidosis amyloid fibrosis cholangiocarcinoma (rare) |
|
|
generalized hypoechoic liver can be seen on ultrasound with what disease processes?
|
suppurative hepatitis
passive congestion lymphoma |
|
|
True or false: cysts will show up on ultrasound as hyperechoic
|
False - they are anechoic
|
|
|
Hematomas, on ultrasound, starts as ______, then become ______ and finally ______ (densities.
|
Hyperechoic
hypoechoic anechoic |
|
|
Ultrasound has a high sensitivity and specificy for detection what two processes in dogs and cats?
|
CPSS and acquired PSS
|
|
|
How will acuired PSS show up on ultrasound?
|
liver small with increased echogenicity and maybe some fibrosis
|
|
|
True or false: Arterioportal fistulas can easily be visualized with ultrasound
|
true
|
|
|
True or false: Today, portovenography is commonly used to diagnose portosystemic shunts
|
false - used to be, but replaced by other means now
|
|
|
True or false: CPSS and aquired shunts can be identified using CT
|
true
|
|
|
True or false: Nuclear scintigraphy can be used to diagnose portosystmic shunting
|
True
|
|
|
By what two routes do you insert the radioisotope for nuclear scintigraphy
|
per rectum
transplenic |
|
|
Which method of administration of radioisotope is thought to be safer and better defines shunts in dogs?
|
Transplenic
|
|
|
Using nuclear scintigraphy, how do we diganose CPSS (what will we see)
|
decrease uptake in teh liver
|
|
|
What is the reported sensitivity of MRI in dogs with CPSS
|
79%
|
|
|
When would you aspirate the gall bladder?
|
Suspected infectious biliary disease
|
|
|
If the gall bladder is diseased, what are some complications with aspiration?
|
rupture => peritonitis
|
|
|
True or false: it is safe to aspirate when biliary dugs are distended (possible obstruction)
|
False!
|
|
|
What type of cultures should you perform on your gall bladder aspirates?
|
aerobic and anaerobic
|
